ArticleAPL bioengineering2021
Emergence of FRESH 3D printing as a platform for advanced tissue biofabrication.
Article in APL bioengineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed.
- 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Curved by Design: Applying Microfluidic Principles for Nonplanar and Planar Suspended Tissue Patterning to the Development of Bladder Models with Tunable Mechanics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A robust and user-agnostic step-emulsion platform for scalable microgel fabrication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biological Impact of Extrusion Bioprinting Nasoseptal Chondrocytes for Tissue Engineering Applications.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Advances in extrusion-based bioprinting enabled by advanced printhead and nozzle designs.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- 3D biofabricated in vitro models as new approach methodologies for animal alternatives.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Pressure Myography and Cardiac Flow Simulator for Mechanical Characterization of Native and Engineered Blood Vessels.Device · 2026Article
- Engineering 3D neural models of neurodegeneration: the Neural Microenvironment Design Code (NMDC), design principles, and emerging new approach methodologies.NAM journal · 2026Review
- 3D Printing of Oxygen-Sensing ECM-Based Skin Graft for Personalized Treatment of Chronic Wounds-A Technological Proof of Concept.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Bioinspired hydrogel-based regenerative engineering strategies for the structural and functional regeneration of skeletal muscles following volumetric muscle loss.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Edible Scaffolds for Cultivated Meat Production.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2026Review
- 3D Bioprinting Strategies in Autoimmune Disease Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advancing 3D scaffold models for metastatic prostate cancer in bone: Materials, manufacture, and future perspectives.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2025Review
- Embedded 3D Printing of Graphene Oxide-Containing, Chemically Crosslinkable Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Inks.Small science · 2025Article
- Integrating Bioprinting and Increased Throughput: Next-Generation Models for Cardiac Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Omnidirectional 3D Printing of Anisotropic Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- 3D Bioprinting Functional Engineered Heart Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Building the framework for bioprinted human heart tissue: recent developments and future prospects.Regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- Bioprinting Vascularized Constructs for Clinical Relevance: Engineering Hydrogel Systems for Biological Maturity.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering: current state-of-the-art and challenges towards system standardization and clinical translation.Biofabrication · 2025Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In tissue engineering, an unresolved challenge is how to build complex 3D scaffolds in order to recreate the structure and function of human tissues and organs. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D bioprinting, have the potential to build biological material with unprecedented spatial control; however, printing soft biological materials in air often results in poor fidelity. Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) is an embedded printing approach that solves this problem by extruding bioinks within a yield-stress support bath that holds the bioinks in place until cured. In this Perspective, we discuss the challenges of 3D printing soft and liquid-like bioinks and the emergence for FRESH and related embedded printing techniques as a solution. This includes the development of FRESH and embedded 3D printing within the bioprinting field and the rapid growth in adoption, as well as the advantages of FRESH printing for biofabrication and the new research results this has enabled. Specific focus is on the customizability of the FRESH printing technique where the chemical composition of the yield-stress support bath and aqueous phase crosslinker can all be tailored for printing a wide range of bioinks in complex 3D structures. Finally, we look ahead at the future of FRESH printing, discussing both the challenges and the opportunities that we see as the biofabrication field develops.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.