ArticleACS omega2021
New Amphiphilic Tricationic Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Arabic Heavy Crude Oil Brine Emulsions.
Article in ACS omega, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis, Characterization, and Effects of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines on Thermal and Surface Properties of Zwitterionic Amphiphiles.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Mixed Solvency Concept to Replace Harmful Organic Solvent: Recent Trends and Future Challenges in Formulation Development.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Review
- Development of new sustainable pyridinium ionic liquids: From reactivity studies to mechanism-based activity predictions.Journal of molecular modeling · 2024Article
- Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of ultrasound-assisted oil technologies.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-07-08Duplication of/in Image · Manipulation of Images ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preparation of new green oilfield chemicals based on ionic liquids (ILs) having higher demulsification efficiency to solve the heavy crude oil brine water emulsions became a target in the petroleum research studies and industry. In the present work, the combination of pyridinium, imidazolium, and hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties in the chemical structure of ILs has been investigated to improve the surface properties of ILs in both bulk solution and interfaces. Aminopyridine was quaternized with cetylbromide and condensed with glyoxal and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in acetic acid to prepare imidazolium-pyridinium bromide acetate ionic liquid (IPy-IL). The phenol group of IPy-IL was etherified with tetraethylene glycol to alter its amphiphilicity and synthesize new amphiphiles (AIPy-IL). Their chemical structure, thermal characteristics, and stabilities were characterized. Their aqueous solution performance in seawater was evaluated to investigate their surface activity, aggregation particle sizes, and surface charges. The demulsification performances of the prepared Arabic heavy crude oil seawater emulsions in the presence of different concentrations of IPy-IL and AIPy-IL were evaluated and proved by interfacial tension, particle size, and demulsification efficiencies at a temperature of 45 °C. The data concluded that AIPy-IL was an effective demulsifier for different crude oil seawater emulsion compositions at a low injection dose and temperature of 100 ppm and 45 °C, which were not report elsewhere.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.