ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Sex-Gender Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Effects of Estrogen on eNOS, Lipid Profile, and NFATs During Catecholamine Stress.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Global burden and trends of cardiovascular disease attributable to low vegetable intake: a global burden of disease 1990-2021 analysis and projection to 2035.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Sex-related disparities in hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular risk in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer: mechanisms, diagnostic advances, and emerging protective strategies.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Review
- The association between cardiac vagal activity and urinary catecholamine: Investigating the effect of race and sex.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Atherogenic Risk in Shift Versus Non-Shift Workers: Associations with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Atf3 controls transitioning in female mitochondrial cardiomyopathy as identified by spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.Science advances · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Association between Systolic Blood Pressure Time in Target Range and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT Trial.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Investigation of Genetic Variations in APLN and APLNR Genes and Their Potential Role in Cardiovascular Diseases.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Bibliometric analysis of studies on the lipid management of coronary heart disease from 2014 to 2023.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Identification of Disease-Relevant, Sex-Based Proteomic Differences in iPSC-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Women: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models.Science advances · 2024Review
- CD73/adenosine axis exerts cardioprotection against hypobaric hypoxia-induced metabolic shift and myocarditis in a sex-dependent manner.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- White blood cell and platelet distribution widths are associated with hypertension: data mining approaches.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Evaluating atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor for metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis from Northern Taiwan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Benefits of Integrating Technology into Home Exercise Therapy in Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) characterized by sex-gender differences remain a leading cause of death globally. Hence, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms of CVDs pathogenesis and the possible factors influencing the sex-gender disparities in clinical demographics. Attempts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms over the recent decades have suggested the mechanistic roles of estrogen in modulating cardioprotective and immunoregulatory effect as a factor for the observed differences in the incidence of CVDs among premenopausal and post-menopausal women and men. This review from a pathomechanical perspective aims at illustrating the roles of estrogen (E2) in the modulation of stimuli signaling in the heart during chronic catecholamine stress (CCS). The probable mechanism employed by E2 to decrease the incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in premenopausal women are discussed. Initially, signaling via estrogen receptors and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) during physiological state and CCS were summarized. By reconciling the impact of estrogen deficiency and hyperstimulation of βARs, the discussions were centered on their implications in disruption of nitric oxide synthesis, dysregulation of lipid profiles, and upregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, which induces the aforementioned CVDs, respectively. Finally, updates on E2 therapies for maintaining cardiac health during menopause and suggestions for the advancement treatments were highlighted.
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