ArticleIranian journal of basic medical sciences2021
The dry powder formulation of mixed cross-linked dextran microspheres and tetanus toxoid-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanospheres as a potent adjuvant for nasal delivery system.
Article in Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches in Poultry Coccidiosis Management: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Review of Intranasal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Excipients Used for Modified Nasal Drug Delivery: A Mini-Review of the Recent Advances.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe present study aimed to determine the immunoadjuvant efficacy of mixed cross-linked dextran microspheres (CDM) and tetanus toxoid (TT)-loaded trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanospheres in dry powder form. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe TMC nanoparticles (NPs) containing TT were produced using the ionic gelation method. Co-administration of TT-loaded TMC NPs and CDM as an absorption enhancer was performed to improve immunity against the antigen. Dry powder formulations were delivered via the nasal route in a rabbit model.
resultsAmong immunization groups, mixing of CDM with TT encapsulated in TMC NPs could elicit the highest titer of systemic IgG antibody. Furthermore, the addition of CDM to TT-loaded TMC enhanced the sIgA response relative to the TT solution.
conclusionThe TMC NPs had a considerable effect on mucosal and systemic immunity against the TT antigen. Therefore, the CDM excipient can be utilized for nasal immunization to elevate systemic and mucosal responses.
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Registered trials
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