Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33643421›Full record

ArticleDrugs in context2021

The race to a COVID-19 vaccine: opportunities and challenges in development and distribution.

Rodrigo M Burgos, Melissa E Badowski, Emily Drwiega, Samaneh Ghassemi, Nikki Griffith, Fischer Herald, Mikayla Johnson, Renata O Smith, Sarah M Michienzi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drugs in context, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Inequality in the distribution of Covid-19 vaccine: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Editorial: Pandemic preparedness in vaccine safety and regulation.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Competition Law and Ethics of Innovation as Catalysts for Fairness: Reimagining the EU's COVID-19 Vaccine Strategy.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Spreading processes with mutations over multilayer networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rodrigo M BurgosUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Melissa E BadowskiUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Emily DrwiegaUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Samaneh GhassemiUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nikki GriffithUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Fischer HeraldUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mikayla JohnsonUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Renata O SmithUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sarah M MichienziUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
University of Illinois Chicago · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The unprecedented toll of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), jumpstarted the race towards the development and distribution of effective treatment and prevention options. With an urgent need to slow viral transmission, lessen disease severity, and reduce mortality, biopharmaceutical companies rapidly began investigating potential COVID-19 vaccinations. While typical vaccine development can take upwards of 10-15 years, COVID-19 vaccines were developed in less than a year after the identification of COVID-19. To accomplish this feat, clinical development, manufacturing scale-up and distribution are occurring in parallel for the four COVID-19 vaccine front-runners. This remarkable opportunity will forever change the drug development process and would not be possible without tremendous dedication from the public and private sectors, researchers, and clinical trial volunteers. However, many challenges still lie ahead. Comprehensive plans for equitable vaccine education, distribution, administration and post-marketing surveillance must be implemented successfully to overcome vaccine hesitancy, supply-chain obstacles and healthcare provider shortages in an already overburdened healthcare system. We are moving forward at a remarkable pace but worldwide immunity through vaccination will take time to achieve. Thus, current prevention efforts of masking, hand hygiene and social distancing must remain in effect for the foreseeable future. We must remain diligent and not fatigue in our efforts. Ending the COVID-19 pandemic cannot rest on the promise of vaccination alone - it will require a continued, robust and multi-faceted approach to disease treatment and prevention.

Indexed as

coronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2vaccine

Identifiers

PMID33643421
PMCPMC7889064
OpenAlexW3129261802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.