ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
The Immunopathology of COVID-19 and the Cannabis Paradigm.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tranilast as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID- 19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Archives of medical research · 2022Trial
- Selected Cannabinoids, Cannabimimetic Agents andPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabigerol (CBG) Modulates Neutrophil Activity and Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic Disease Symptoms Self-Managed by Cannabis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Article
- Non-Viral Therapy in COVID-19: Where Are We Standing? How Our Experience with COVID May Help Us Develop Cell Therapies for Long COVID Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- High CBD extract (CBD-X) modulates inflammation and immune cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Molecular dynamics of inflammation resolution: therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Antidepressant-like Effects ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- High-CBD Extract (CBD-X) in Asthma Management: Reducing Th2-Driven Cytokine Secretion and Neutrophil/Eosinophil Activity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Circulating endocannabinoid levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential role in the inflammatory response.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of pre-onset hair hormone in predicting the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia and acute COVID-19 outbreak.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Dried Cannabis Use, Tobacco Smoking, and COVID-19 Infection: Findings from a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2024Article
- Cannabis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review Evaluating the Benefits, Risks, and Future Research Directions.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Review
- Modulation of pulmonary immune function by inhaled cannabis products and consequences for lung disease.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- Article
- The endocannabinoid system and breathing.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Analysis and Identification of Bioactive Compounds of Cannabinoids in Silico for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.Biomolecules · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 caused by the novel RNA betacoronavirus SARS-CoV2 has first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and since then developed into a worldwide pandemic with >99 million people afflicted and >2.1 million fatal outcomes as of 24th January 2021. SARS-CoV2 targets the lower respiratory tract system leading to pneumonia with fever, cough, and dyspnea. Most patients develop only mild symptoms. However, a certain percentage develop severe symptoms with dyspnea, hypoxia, and lung involvement which can further progress to a critical stage where respiratory support due to respiratory failure is required. Most of the COVID-19 symptoms are related to hyperinflammation as seen in cytokine release syndrome and it is believed that fatalities are due to a COVID-19 related cytokine storm. Treatments with anti-inflammatory or anti-viral drugs are still in clinical trials or could not reduce mortality. This makes it necessary to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Recently, the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids, the unique active compounds of the cannabis plant, has been discovered in the area of immunology. Phytocannabinoids are a group of terpenophenolic compounds which biological functions are conveyed by their interactions with the endocannabinoid system in humans. Here, we explore the anti-inflammatory function of cannabinoids in relation to inflammatory events that happen during severe COVID-19 disease, and how cannabinoids might help to prevent the progression from mild to severe disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.