ArticleThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society2021
Impact of Preanalytical Factors on the Measurement of Tumor Tissue Biomarkers Using Immunohistochemistry.
Article in The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-drug conjugates in gynaecological cancers: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Immunoediting and precision biomarkers in prostate cancer: The emerging role of liquid biopsy, immune contexture and HLA genotype (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Consistency of c-Met protein overexpression over time in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Histopathology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Gastric Cancer Immunohistochemistry: Key Biomarkers, Advanced Detection Methods, and Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Resistance via Loss of HER2 Expression and Binding.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- MET (c-Met) protein overexpression is an emerging protein biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Companion Diagnostics (CDx) Based on Molecular Biology Techniques.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Formalin Fixation, Delay to Fixation, and Time in Fixative Adversely Impact Copy Number Variation Analysis by aCGH.Biopreservation and biobanking · 2023Article
- Immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein in nephroblastoma: a predictor of unfavorable prognosis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Considerations for Whole-Slide Analysis of Murine Xenografts Experiments.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonplace in clinical and research laboratories. However, reports suggest that IHC results can be compromised by biospecimen preanalytical factors. The National Cancer Institute's Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables Program conducted a systematic study to examine the potential effects of delay to fixation (DTF) and time in fixative (TIF) on IHC using 24 cancer biomarkers. Differences in IHC staining, relative to controls with a DTF of 1 hr, were observed in FFPE kidney tumor specimens after a DTF of ≥2 hr. Reductions in H-score and/or staining intensity were observed for c-MET, p53, PAX2, PAX8, pAKT, and survivin, whereas increases were observed for RCC1, EGFR, and CD10. Prolonged TIF of 72 hr resulted in significantly reduced H-scores of CD44 and c-Met in kidney tumor specimens, compared with controls with 12-hr TIF. An elevated probability of altered staining intensity due to DTF was observed for nine antigens, whereas for prolonged TIF an elevated probability was observed for one antigen. Results reported here and elsewhere across tumor types and antigens support limiting DTF to ≤1 hr when possible and fixing tissues in formalin for 12-24 hr to avoid confounding effects of these preanalytical factors on IHC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.