Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33640734›Full record

ArticleChild abuse & neglect2021

Identifying novel forms of reluctance in commercially sexually exploited adolescents.

Hayden M Henderson, Scarlet J Cho, Agnieszka M Nogalska, Thomas D Lyon

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child abuse & neglect, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Exploring interviews with adolescent victims of human trafficking: interviewer questions and adolescent reluctance.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026
    Article
  2. Expert interviewers' approach to navigating forensic interviews with adolescents who are reluctant to disclose sexual abuse.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2025
    Article
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  8. Police Interviewing Behaviors and Commercially Sexually Exploited Adolescents' Reluctance.Psychology, public policy, and law : an official law review of the University of Arizona College of Law and the University of Miami School of Law · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hayden M HendersonUniversity of Southern California, United States. Electronic address: hhenderson614@gmail.com.
Scarlet J ChoUniversity of Southern California, United States.
Agnieszka M NogalskaUniversity of Southern California, United States.
Thomas D LyonUniversity of Southern California, United States.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

Facilitating Completeness in Children's Maltreatment DisclosuresR01HD087685 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LYON, THOMAS D · 2017 to 2021
$2.9M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD087685
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch has largely overlooked expressions of reluctance in commercially sexually exploited adolescent ("CSEA") victims. This is problematic because gaining information from known victims is of the utmost importance in order to better serve the needs of current and potential future victims.

objectiveThe current study proposes a novel conceptualization of reluctance based on CSEA victims' transcripts from police interviews and courtroom examinations. PARTICIPANTS AND

settingThe study examined police interviews (n = 8 victims, 1558 utterances) and courtroom transcripts (n = 6 victims, 1961 utterances) conducted with female CSEA victims aged 15-17 years old (M

resultsSixteen reluctance tactics were identified, including several that have been overlooked in previous literature. The current reluctance measure identified more reluctance than previous studies' reluctance measures. Reluctance was much more common in police interviews (26.4%; p < .001) than in court (5.5%), and if victims were more reluctant in the police interviews, they were less likely to appear in court (p = .001).

conclusionsThese findings have implications for future conceptualizations of reluctance, and illustrate the importance of considering the age of the victim and the circumstances under which the victim is questioned in identifying reluctance.

Indexed as

Crime VictimsAdolescentEmotionsFemaleHumansPoliceSexual BehaviorCommercially sexually exploited childrenCourtroom questioningInterviewing adolescentsPolice interviewingReluctanceSupport

Identifiers

PMID33640734
PMCPMC8026589
OpenAlexW3129290045

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.