ArticleMedical hypotheses2021
Can bilirubin nanomedicine become a hope for the management of COVID-19?
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends.International immunopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Systemic engineering and global regulation enabling high-level bilirubin biosynthesis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and anti-viral effects of selenium nanoparticles and selenoprotein based strategies: COVID-19 and beyond.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2023Review
- Potential of Nano-Antioxidants and Nanomedicine for Recovery from Neurological Disorders Linked to Long COVID Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pharmaceutical strategies for preventing toxicity and promoting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of bilirubin.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Impairment of antiviral immune response and disruption of cellular functions by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a and ORF7b.iScience · 2022Article
- An overview on nanoparticle-based strategies to fight viral infections with a focus on COVID-19.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Honghua extract mediated potent inhibition of COVID-19 host cell pathways.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Application of Baculovirus Expression Vector system (BEV) for COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics: a review.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2022Review
- Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Network pharmacology-based predictions of active components and pharmacological mechanisms of Artemisia annua L. for the treatment of the novel Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Coronavirus and Carbon Nanotubes: Seeking Immunological Relationships to Discover Immunotherapeutic Possibilities.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Review
- Drug repurposing for COVID-19 using graph neural network and harmonizing multiple evidence.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Decorin as a possible strategy for the amelioration of COVID-19.Medical hypotheses · 2021Article
- Article
- Silver nanoparticle based multifunctional approach for combating COVID-19.Sensors international · 2021Article
- Article
- Critical neurological features of COVID-19: Role of imaging methods and biosensors for effective diagnosis.Sensors international · 2021Review
- Glycan Nanostructures of Human Coronaviruses.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- AuNP Coupled Rapid Flow-Through Dot-Blot Immuno-Assay for Enhanced Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain IgG.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bilirubin has been proven to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been postulated as a metabolic hormone. Further, moderately higher levels of bilirubin are positively associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, due to poor solubility the therapeutic delivery of bilirubin remains a challenge. Nanotechnology offers unique advantages which may be exploited for improved delivery of bilirubin to the target organ with reduced risk of systemic toxicity. Herein, we postulate the use of intravenous administration or inhalational delivery of bilirubin nanomedicine (BNM) to combat systemic dysfunctions associated with COVID-19, owing to the remarkable preclinical efficacy and optimistic results of various clinical studies of bilirubin in non-communicable disorders. BNM may be used to harness the proven preclinical pharmacological efficacy of bilirubin against COVID-19 related systemic complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.