ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2021
Offline comparison of processed electroencephalogram monitors for anaesthetic-induced electroencephalogram changes in older adults.
Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05148065 (Analysis of Relationship Between Depth of Anesthesia by Inhalation Anesthetic and Primitive Electroencephalogram in Children Under Two Years of Age), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analysis of Relationship Between Depth of Anesthesia by Inhalation Anesthetic and Primitive Electroencephalogram in Children Under Two Years of Age: a Prospective Observational Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wireless high-density electroencephalography in the perioperative setting.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Trial
- Combining ropivacaine transversus abdominis plane block with intravenous lidocaine infusion in adults undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: an open-label, dose-escalation exploratory trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Anesthetic Management Under Bispectral Index Monitoring on the Early Recovery Quality of Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Trial
- Effects of Different Injection Rates of Propofol on Postoperative Cognition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Trial
- Monitoring the Depth of Sedation During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Recommendations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancing Anesthetic Depth Assessment via Unsupervised Machine Learning in Processed Electroencephalography Analysis: Novel Methodological Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- The relationship of bispectral index values to conscious state: an analysis of two volunteer cohort studies.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Evaluation of patient state index, bispectral index, and entropy during drug induced sleep endoscopy with dexmedetomidine.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2023Article
- Cerebral circulation II: pathophysiology and monitoring.BJA education · 2022Review
- Mitigation of perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A holistic approach.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral devices record and interpret patient brain activity via electroencephalogram (EEG) to aid physician assessment of anaesthetic effect. Few studies have compared EEG monitors on data from the same patient. Here, we describe a set-up to simultaneously compare the performance of three processed EEG monitors using pre-recorded EEG signals from older surgical patients.
methodsA playback system was designed to replay EEG signals into three different commercially available EEG monitors. We could then simultaneously calculate indices from the SedLine® Root (Masimo Inc., Irvine, CA, USA; patient state index [PSI]), bilateral BIS VISTA™ (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; bispectral index [BIS]), and Datex Ohmeda S/5 monitor with the Entropy™ Module (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA; E-entropy index [Entropy]). We tested the ability of each system to distinguish activity before anaesthesia administration (pre-med) and before/after loss of responsiveness (LOR), and to detect suppression incidences in EEG recorded from older surgical patients receiving beta-adrenergic blockers. We show examples of processed EEG monitor output tested on 29 EEG recordings from older surgical patients.
resultsAll monitors showed significantly different indices and high effect sizes between comparisons pre-med to after LOR and before/after LOR. Both PSI and BIS showed the highest percentage of deeply anaesthetised indices during periods with suppression ratios (SRs) > 25%. We observed significant negative correlations between percentage of suppression and indices for all monitors (at SR >5%).
conclusionsAll monitors distinguished EEG changes occurring before anaesthesia administration and during LOR. The PSI and BIS best detected suppressed periods. Our results suggest that the PSI and BIS monitors might be preferable for older patients with risk factors for intraoperative awareness or increased sensitivity to anaesthesia.
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