Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33639976›Full record

ArticleVirology journal2021

Inhibitors of endosomal acidification suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and relieve viral pneumonia in hACE2 transgenic mice.

Chao Shang, Xinyu Zhuang, He Zhang, Yiquan Li, Yilong Zhu, Jing Lu, Chenchen Ge, Jianan Cong, Tingyu Li, Mingyao Tian and 2 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07254052 (Effectiveness of a Sustained-release Ammonium Chloride Formulation in Reducing the Viral Load of Patients With COVID-19 or Influenza), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07254052 completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of a Sustained-release Ammonium Chloride Formulation in Reducing the Viral Load of Patients With COVID-19 or Influenza

TypeobservationalSponsorNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensRan2024 to 2025Enrolled32ConditionsRNA Virus Infections, Viral Infection COVID-19, Influenza A and B
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Temperature and developmental stage govern intestinal susceptibility to human coronavirus 229E.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  13. COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024
    Review
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  16. International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Chao ShangInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
Xinyu ZhuangInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
He ZhangInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
Yiquan LiAcademician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
Yilong ZhuAcademician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
Jing LuAgricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China.
Chenchen GeAgricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China.
Jianan CongInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
Tingyu LiInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
Mingyao TianInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. linjiaxiaoya@163.com.
Ningyi JinInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. lixiao06@mails.jlu.edu.cn.
Xiao LiInstitute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China. skylee6226@163.com.
Academy of Military Medical Sciences · CNChangchun University of Chinese Medicine · CNYanbian University · CN

Funding

the Key projects of science and technology boosting economy in 2020 Grant no. SQ2020YFF0417940the New coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) epidemic prevention and control emergency scientific research project in Changchun City Grant no. 20YF003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and broke out as a global pandemic in late 2019. The acidic pH environment of endosomes is believed to be essential for SARS-CoV-2 to be able to enter cells and begin replication. However, the clinical use of endosomal acidification inhibitors, typically chloroquine, has been controversial with this respect.

methodsIn this study, RT-qPCR method was used to detect the SARS-CoV-2N gene to evaluate viral replication. The CCK-8 assay was also used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2. In situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 gene in lung tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was also used to evaluate virus-associated pathological changes in lung tissues.

resultsIn this study, analysis showed that endosomal acidification inhibitors, including chloroquine, bafilomycin A1 and NH

conclusionsOur research investigated the antiviral effects of endosomal acidification inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 in several infection models and provides an experimental basis for further mechanistic studies and drug development.

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentAmmonium ChlorideAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2AnimalsAntiviral AgentsCell SurvivalChlorocebus aethiopsChloroquineCOVID-19EndosomesFemaleHEK293 CellsHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLungMacrolidesACE2 protein, humanAmmonium ChlorideAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antiviral Agentsbafilomycin A1ChloroquineMacrolidesBafilomycin A1ChloroquineEndosomal acidificationSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33639976
PMCPMC7914043
OpenAlexW3134027938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.