ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Racial/ethnic differences in prescription opioid misuse and heroin use among a national sample, 1999-2018.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic meta-epidemiologic review on nonabstinence-inclusive interventions for substance use: inclusion of race/ethnicity and sex assigned at birth/gender.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Pooled it
- Understanding Illicit Prescription Painkiller Use: A Multivariable Exploration of Mental Health and Other Predictors Among Canadian University Students: Comprendre la consommation illicite d'analgésiques sur ordonnance : une analyse multivariée de la santé mentale et d'autres facteurs prédictifs chez les étudiants universitaires canadiens.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Article
- Exploring Perspectives About Public Health Vending Machine Implementation on an American Indian Reservation in the Northern Midwest, United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Association between postcesarean delivery inpatient opioid consumption & post-discharge opioid usage: a prospective observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Predictors of Opioid Misuse and Abuse Among Pregnant Women in the US.Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations Pre- and Post-Pandemic: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample Database.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Geography And Fentanyl: Explaining The Disproportionate Rise In Opioid Overdose Deaths Among Black Americans.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Tribally-affiliated syringe services programs in the United States: a brief report.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Burden of Opioid Use Disorder and Non-fatal Opioid Overdose in American Indian and Alaskan Native Populations Using the Cerner Real-World Data™ Database.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Shifting Cohort Patterns in the Use of Drugs with Elevated Overdose Risk in the United States.Social problems · 2025Article
- Pain Neuroscience Education on Reducing Opioid Dependency in African American and Caucasian Populations: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Listening to Black Pregnant and Postpartum People: Using Technology to Enhance Equity in Screening and Treatment of Perinatal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Implementing public health vending machines on the reservation lands of the Bois Forte Band of Chippewa (United States).Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of substance use disorder mortality in the United States: an observational study of emerging hotspots and vulnerable populations (2005-2020).Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Quantifying the size and characteristics of a population of people who use drugs on the reservation lands of a tribal nation in the southern plains (USA).Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Comparison of heroin and fentanyl use in US nationally representative surveys.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Occurrence of Opioid-Related Neurocognitive Symptoms Associated With Long-term Opioid Therapy.The Clinical journal of pain · 2025Article
- Binge drinking in American Indian Alaskan Native college attending students.Ethnicity & health · 2025Article
- Mental Health Consequences of Opioid Pain Medication Use Behaviors and Motives Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Results From a National Survey.Psycho-oncology · 2025Article
- Planting the seed: using research as a tool to revitalize puberty ceremonies in Anishinaabe communities.Qualitative research journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize racial/ethnic differences in past-year prescription opioid misuse and heroin use.
methodsData on 1,117,086 individuals age 12 and older were from the 1999-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We compared relative prevalences across 6 racial/ethnic groups for prescription opioid misuse analyses and 4 racial/ethnic groups for heroin analyses. Unadjusted and gender- and age-adjusted prevalences are reported for 5 time periods (1999-2002, 2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-2014, 2015-2018). Survey-weighted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate risk ratios by race/ethnicity and to test for time trends.
resultsPrescription opioid misuse was significantly higher among non-Hispanic White individuals than among Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals across all time periods, yet was highest among Native American individuals in every time period. The relative difference between White and both Hispanic and Asian individuals significantly widened over time, whereas the gap between Black and White individuals significantly decreased. Early in the study period, heroin use was highest among Black and Hispanic individuals. Heroin use among White individuals first surpassed all other groups in 2007-2010 and continued to steadily increase, more than doubling from 1999-2002 to 2015-2018.
conclusionsWhile heroin use has risen among all racial/ethnic groups, the demographics of heroin use have changed significantly in the past two decades such that prevalence is now highest among White individuals. Opioid prevention and treatment initiatives should both be informed by the changing demographics of heroin use and seek to reduce opioid-related harms and expand treatment access equitably for all racial/ethnic groups.
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Registered trials
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