ArticleHuman brain mapping2021
Replicating extensive brain structural heterogeneity in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07699159 (Cohort Network for Adolescents and Youth With multipLe Mental Health Conditions), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cohort Network for Adolescents and Youth With multipLe Mental Health Conditions (CALM): A Master Observational Trial
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.JAMA psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Breaking the norm: population-scale deviations of brain structure in depression and anxiety.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The cross-site reproducibility of MRI morphometric phenotypes in psychiatric disorders.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- The role of metabolic health in neurostructural and cognitive alterations in bipolar disorders.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping cerebellar subregional volumes and heterogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and violence.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The genetic architecture of human cerebellar morphology supports a key role for the cerebellum in human evolution and psychopathology.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Predicting developmental norms from baseline cortical thickness in longitudinal studies.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Structural brain variability in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: evidence from person-based similarity index analysis.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Mapping Structural Neuroimaging Trajectories in Bipolar Disorder: Neurobiological and Clinical Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Investigating dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis with normative modelling and multisite molecular neuroimaging.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mapping Cerebellar Morphology in 15q11.2 CNV Carriers Using Normative Modeling.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Individual-level brain phenotypes in first-episode mania: normative modelling of brain morphometry and brainAGE.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Article
- A generalizable normative deep autoencoder for brain morphological anomaly detection: application to the multi-site StratiBip dataset on bipolar disorder in an external validation framework.Artificial intelligence in medicine · 2025Article
- Neurofind: using deep learning to make individualised inferences in brain-based disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Learning Latent Profiles via Cognitive Growth Charting in Psychosis: Design and Rationale for the PRECOGNITION Project.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2025Article
- A 10-Year Longitudinal Study of Brain Cortical Thickness in People with First-Episode Psychosis Using Normative Models.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Lifespan Normative Models of White Matter Fractional Anisotropy: Applications to Early Psychosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A generalizable normative deep autoencoder for brain morphological anomaly detection: application to the multi-site StratiBip dataset on bipolar disorder in an external validation framework.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Normative modelling of molecular-based functional circuits captures clinical heterogeneity transdiagnostically in psychiatric patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Identifying brain processes involved in the risk and development of mental disorders is a major aim. We recently reported substantial interindividual heterogeneity in brain structural aberrations among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Estimating the normative range of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) data among healthy individuals using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) enables us to map individual deviations from the healthy range in unseen datasets. Here, we aim to replicate our previous results in two independent samples of patients with schizophrenia (n1 = 94; n2 = 105), bipolar disorder (n1 = 116; n2 = 61), and healthy individuals (n1 = 400; n2 = 312). In line with previous findings with exception of the cerebellum our results revealed robust group level differences between patients and healthy individuals, yet only a small proportion of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder exhibited extreme negative deviations from normality in the same brain regions. These direct replications support that group level-differences in brain structure disguise considerable individual differences in brain aberrations, with important implications for the interpretation and generalization of group-level brain imaging findings to the individual with a mental disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.