ReviewHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Hepatobiliary Organoids and Their Applications for Studies of Liver Health and Disease: Are We There Yet?
Review in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inner Ear Organoids: Recent Progress and Challenges.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Hepatocyte-like cell therapy for end-stage liver disease: From basic science to clinical application.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Modeling ischemic-type biliary lesionFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Scalable Matrigel-Free Suspension Culture for Generating High-Quality Human Liver Ductal Organoids.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Bioengineered Bile Duct for Liver Regenerative Medicine and Bile Duct Reconstruction.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- Application and mechanism of anticancer peptides in organoid models of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent progress in the identification and in vitro culture of skin organoids.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- New Methodologies as Opportunities in the Study of Bacterial Biofilms, Including Food-Related Applications.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatic Fibrosis for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Pathology Exploration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Progress in the Application of Organoids-On-A-Chip in Diseases.Organogenesis · 2024Review
- WNT signaling contributes to the extrahepatic bile duct proliferative response to obstruction in mice.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Recent advances in lung cancer organoid (tumoroid) research (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Opening and changing: mammalian SWI/SNF complexes in organ development and carcinogenesis.Open biology · 2024Review
- Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Phenotype Changes after Cultivation and Autologous Infusion in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Organoid as a promising tool for primary liver cancer research: a comprehensive review.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Human Hepatobiliary Organoids: Recent Advances in Drug Toxicity Verification and Drug Screening.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Generation and characterization of mature hepatocyte organoids for liver metabolic studies.Journal of cell science · 2024Article
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver biology and tumorigenesis.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Organoid culture systems have emerged as a frontier technology in liver and biliary research. These three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures derived from pluripotent and adult hepatobiliary cells model organ structure and function. Building on gastrointestinal organoid establishment, hepatobiliary organoid cultures were generated from mouse leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive liver progenitor cells. Subsequently, 3D hepatobiliary organoid cultures were developed from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to model human and animal hepatobiliary health and disease. Hepatocyte organoids have been used to study Alagille syndrome, fatty liver disease, Wilson disease, hepatitis B viral infection, and cystic fibrosis. Cholangiocyte organoids have been established to study normal cholangiocyte biology and primary sclerosing cholangitis and to test organoid potential to form bile ducts and gallbladder tissue in vitro. Hepatobiliary cancer organoids, termed tumoroids, have been established from frozen and fresh human tissues and used as a drug-testing platform and for biobanking of cancer samples. CRISPR-based gene modifications and organoid exposure to infectious agents have permitted the generation of organoid models of carcinogenesis. This review summarizes currently available adult cell-derived hepatobiliary organoid models and their applications. Challenges faced by this young technology will be discussed, including the cellular immaturity of organoid-derived hepatocytes, co-culture development to better model complex tissue structure, the imperfection of extracellular matrices, and the absence of standardized protocols and model validation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.