ReviewRespiratory research2021
Aerosol drug delivery to spontaneously-breathing preterm neonates: lessons learned.
Review in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transnasal Administration of Surfactant Aerosol to the Lungs of Infants Using Direct Interfaces - Lessons Learned from Computational Fluid Dynamics.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Surfactant Administration in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An Insight Into the Aerosolization Pattern of Formoterol Fumarate Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation Actuated Via Two Different Inhaler Devices.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Article
- Preclinical Testing of a New Dry Powder Aerosol Synthetic Lung Surfactant Formulation and Device Combination for the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Article
- Surfactant Delivery Is Crucial for Enhancing Function of Ex-Vivo Premature Sheep Lungs: A Feasibility Study.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Development of an Infant Air-Jet Dry Powder Aerosol Delivery System (iDP-ADS) Including a New Multifunctional Bifurcating Two-Prong Nasal Interface.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Development of CPAP Overlay Interfaces for Efficient Administration of Aerosol Surfactant Therapy to Preterm Infants.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Tiny Lungs, Big Decisions: A Meta-Analysis Comparing Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy Versus Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Use of mucolytics and inhaled antibiotics in the NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Behavior of Microbubbles on Air-Aqueous Interfaces.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
- Recent Developments in Aerosol Pulmonary Drug Delivery: New Technologies, New Cargos, and New Targets.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Evaluation of a Novel Dry Powder Surfactant Aerosol Delivery System for Use in Premature Infants Supported with Bubble CPAP.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Target product profile: aerosolized surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Review
- Steps toward nebulization in-use studies to understand the stability of new biological entities.Drug discovery today · 2023Review
- Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2023Review
- Recent advances in nanoparticle applications in respiratory disorders: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Differential Performance and Lung Deposition of Levofloxacin with Different Nebulisers Used in Cystic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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- Preclinical Assessment of Nebulized Surfactant Delivered through Neonatal High Flow Nasal Cannula Respiratory Support.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Delivery of medications to preterm neonates receiving non-invasive ventilation (NIV) represents one of the most challenging scenarios for aerosol medicine. This challenge is highlighted by the undersized anatomy and the complex (patho)physiological characteristics of the lungs in such infants. Key physiological restraints include low lung volumes, low compliance, and irregular respiratory rates, which significantly reduce lung deposition. Such factors are inherent to premature birth and thus can be regarded to as the intrinsic factors that affect lung deposition. However, there are a number of extrinsic factors that also impact lung deposition: such factors include the choice of aerosol generator and its configuration within the ventilation circuit, the drug formulation, the aerosol particle size distribution, the choice of NIV type, and the patient interface between the delivery system and the patient. Together, these extrinsic factors provide an opportunity to optimize the lung deposition of therapeutic aerosols and, ultimately, the efficacy of the therapy.In this review, we first provide a comprehensive characterization of both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting lung deposition in premature infants, followed by a revision of the clinical attempts to deliver therapeutic aerosols to premature neonates during NIV, which are almost exclusively related to the non-invasive delivery of surfactant aerosols. In this review, we provide clues to the interpretation of existing experimental and clinical data on neonatal aerosol delivery and we also describe a frame of measurable variables and available tools, including in vitro and in vivo models, that should be considered when developing a drug for inhalation in this important but under-served patient population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.