ArticleEuropean journal of endocrinology2021
Increased COVID-19 infections in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study.
Article in European journal of endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05973175 (The RolE oF Androgen Excess in MUscle Energy MetaboLism in Women With PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The RolE oF Androgen Excess in MUscle Energy MetaboLism in Women With PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (The REFUEL PCOS) Study 1
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2021).International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Changes in the global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome from 1990 to 2021.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Health Care Experience in Those With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Unraveling the pathogenic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and polycystic ovary syndrome using bioinformatics and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Stress responses to bacterial and viral mimetics in polycystic ovary syndrome model rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Associations between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Antibiotic Use: Results from the UAEHFS.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Discovery of common molecular signatures and drug repurposing for COVID-19/Asthma comorbidity: ACE2 and multi-partite networks.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2024Article
- The Experience of Living With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Military.Military medicine · 2024Article
- Overlapping conditions in Long COVID at a multisite academic center.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and persistent symptoms: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome and its management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Age-related Changes in the Adrenal Cortex: Insights and Implications.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- The Complex Interplay between Serum Testosterone and the Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.The world journal of men's health · 2023Review
- Serum testosterone mirrors inflammation parameters in females hospitalized with COVID-19.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Fertility and sterility · 2023Article
- Association of androgenetic alopecia with a more severe form of COVID-19 infection.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Observational
- Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Identifying Constructs for Increasing Physical Activity Behaviours in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- A review on human reproductive systems encountering with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2023Review
- Observational
- The causal association between polycystic ovary syndrome and susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using genetic data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSeveral recent observational studies have linked metabolic comorbidities to an increased risk from COVID-19. Here we investigated whether women with PCOS are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection.
designPopulation-based closed cohort study between 31 January 2020 and 22 July 2020 in the setting of a UK primary care database (The Health Improvement Network, THIN).
methodsThe main outcome was the incidence of COVID-19 coded as suspected or confirmed by the primary care provider. We used Cox proportional hazards regression model with stepwise inclusion of explanatory variables (age, BMI, impaired glucose regulation, androgen excess, anovulation, vitamin D deficiency, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) to provide unadjusted and adjusted hazard risks (HR) of COVID-19 infection among women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS.
resultsWe identified 21 292 women with a coded diagnosis of PCO/PCOS and randomly selected 78 310 aged and general practice matched control women. The crude COVID-19 incidence was 18.1 and 11.9 per 1000 person-years among women with and without PCOS, respectively. Age-adjusted Cox regression analysis suggested a 51% higher risk of COVID-19 among women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS (HR: 1.51 (95% CI: 1.27-1.80), P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, HR reduced to 1.36 (1.14-1.63)], P = 0.001. In the fully adjusted model, women with PCOS had a 28% increased risk of COVID-19 (aHR: 1.28 (1.05-1.56), P = 0.015).
conclusionWomen with PCOS are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and should be specifically encouraged to adhere to infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease, which have been identified as a risk factor for COVID-19. To investigate whether the increased metabolic risk in PCOS translates into an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, we carried out a population-based closed cohort study in the UK during its first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (January to July 2020), including 21 292 women with PCOS and 78 310 controls matched for sex, age and general practice location. Results revealed a 52% increased risk of COVID-19 infection in women with PCOS, which remained increased at 28% above controls after adjustment for age, BMI, impaired glucose regulation and other explanatory variables.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.