ArticleThe Permanente journal2020
Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis.
Article in The Permanente journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis-Derived Compounds Against Plasmodium sp.: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Pooled it
- Association of driving with blood delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a systematic review.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Innovations in Cannabis Delivery Systems: A Patent Review (2012-2024).Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Does Cannabis-based Medicine Improve Pain and Sleep Quality in Patients With Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries? A Triple-blind, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025Trial
- Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Trial
- Beyond neurons: Impact of cannabidiol on glial cells in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Toxidromes.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Death and Translational Opportunities.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- ADHD Symptoms and Cannabis Use: The Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Neural Response Inhibition.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Identification of Changes in the Transcriptome Profile of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells Exposed to Combined Sorafenib and Cannabis Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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- Cannabinoids and drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions: Deciphering the risks.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cannabigerol (CBG) Modulates Neutrophil Activity and Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetics of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration in vervet monkeys.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of acidic cannabinoids: an update.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Identifying established human placental markers of schizophrenia in rodents after gestational ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Sex-specific association between low oral doses of cannabidiol (CBD) and plasma concentration of anandamide (AEA), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) in healthy occasional cannabis users.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol suppresses emergency MDSCs generation by disturbing EEF1B2-mediated C/EBPJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
None: At least 100 cannabis species are compounds known as cannabinoids, a molecule with a 21-carbon terpenophenolic skeleton. Cannabinoids produce more than 100 naturally occurring chemicals, the most abundant of which are Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), terpenes, and flavonoids. THC and CBD bind with cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), which are present in the brain and many organs. Metabolism of cannabis is determined by the route of consumption. When inhaled, THC and its metabolites enter the bloodstream rapidly via the lungs; they achieve peak levels within 6 to 10 minutes and reach the brain and various organs. The bioavailability of inhaled THC is 10% to 35%. After THC is absorbed, it travels to the liver where most of it is eliminated or metabolized to 11-OH-THC or 11-COOH-THC. The remaining THC and its metabolites enter the circulation. The bioavailability of ingested THC is only 4% to 12%. THC is highly lipid soluble and is therefore rapidly taken up by fat tissue. The plasma half-life of THC is 1 to 3 days in occasional users and 5 to 13 days in chronic users. The bioavailability of CBD via inhalation is 11% to 45%, whereas that of oral CBD is 6%. CBD has high lipophilicity and therefore is rapidly distributed in the brain, adipose tissue, and other organs. CBD is hydroxylated to 7-OH-CBD and 7-COOH-CBD by cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in the liver and is excreted mainly in feces and less in urine. The plasma half-life of CBD is 18 to 32 hours.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.