ArticleAndrology2021
Severely low testosterone in males with COVID-19: A case-control study.
Article in Andrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Effect of COVID-19 on Male Sex Hormones: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of serum total testosterone and luteinizing hormone variations across hospitalized Covid-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 impairs male fertility by targeting semen quality and testosterone level: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Association of the androgens with COVID-19 prognostic outcomes: a systematic review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Andrological effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Semen parameters and sex hormones as affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review.Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie · 2022Pooled it
- Associations between COVID-19 infection and sex steroid hormones.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Age-Dependent Relationships Between Disease Risk and Testosterone Levels: Relevance to COVID-19 Disease.American journal of men's healthPooled it
- Urological complications of COVID-19: a systematic review.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyPooled it
- Sexual dimorphism of COVID-19 inspires drug repositioning and host-targeting immunotherapy for viral pneumonia.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Divergent long-term trends in semen quality and reproductive hormones across the COVID-19 pandemic era in infertile men: an age-stratified retrospective study.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Article
- Testicular endocrine function recovers following Fournier's gangrene.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of acute and chronic phases of COVID-19 on semen parameters and gonad hormones: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 infection may reduce serum testosterone levels and increase the risk of erectile dysfunction: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Investigative and clinical urology · 2025Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Risk of COVID-19 and Effect of COVID-19 on Testosterone's Treatment Effect.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Long COVID.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 exploits steroidogenic machinery, triggers lipid metabolism for viral replication and induces immune response in Leydig cells of K18-hACE2 mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Oncofertility: No SARS-CoV-2 in Semen but Inflammation Seems to Affect Sperm Parameters.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCirculating androgens could have a relevant pathobiological role in clinical outcomes in men with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19).
objectivesWe aimed to assess: (a) circulating sex steroids levels in a cohort of 286 symptomatic men with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at hospital admission compared to a cohort of 281 healthy men; and (b) the association between serum testosterone levels (tT), COVID-19, and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsDemographic, clinical, and hormonal values were collected for all patients. Hypogonadism was defined as tT ≤9.2 nmol/l. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to score health-significant comorbidities. Severe clinical outcomes were defined as patients either transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) or death. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression models tested the association between clinical and laboratory variables and tT levels. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models tested the association between tT and severe clinical outcomes.
resultsOverall, a significantly lower levels of LH and tT were found in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls (all p < 0.0001); conversely, healthy controls depicted lower values of circulating E
conclusionsWe unveil an independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection status and secondary hypogonadism already at hospital admission, with lower testosterone levels predicting the most severe clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.