ArticleJournal of ultrasound2022
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography in the diagnosis of intrarenal reflux.
Article in Journal of ultrasound, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Renal volumetry and functional impairment prediction in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux based on contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Sensitivity and Safety of Contrast-enhanced cystosonography in diagnosis of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux after urinary tract infection.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Application of Ultrasound in Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux: From Diagnosis to Follow Up.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intrarenal reflux is linked to subsequent kidney scarring: a retrospective study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Videourodynamics - role, benefits and optimal practice.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- What paediatricians need to know about modern urologic management of vesicoureteral reflux.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Review
- Reduced kidney size and renal function of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux and intrarenal reflux in contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Review
- Intrarenal reflux with low-grade vesicoureteral reflux: an underestimated significance?Journal of ultrasound · 2023Article
- An innovative diagnostic procedure in children: videourodynamics with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography.Journal of ultrasound · 2023Article
- Prevalence of intrarenal reflux in pediatric patients on contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography.Pediatric radiology · 2023Article
- A narrative review on the applications of intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in pediatric lower genitourinary anomalies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- The Spectrum of Parenchymal Changes in Kidneys Affected by Intrarenal Reflux, Diagnosed by Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography and DMSA Scan.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a comprehensive review of safety in children.Pediatric radiology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough contrast-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS) has shown capable diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children, the ability of ceVUS to detect intrarenal reflux (IRR) is considered limited. The purpose of our study is to assess the ability of ceVUS to detect IRR as well as its association with age, gender, and the grade of VUR.
methodsThis study included 5153 children who were referred to our clinic for ceVUS. All children underwent sonographic examinations, which were performed on a LOGIQ S8 machine equipped with dedicated software for contrast-enhanced studies with harmonic imaging. Standard ultrasound of the urinary tract was followed by bladder catheterisation and instillation of physiological normal saline and the US contrast medium (SonoVue
resultsVUR was diagnosed by ceVUS in 1959 out of 5153 children (38%), of whom IRR was found in 233 of 1959 children (11.9%). A total of 285 ureteral units showing IRR were found. High grades of VUR (IV + V) with IRR were found in a total of 235 of 285 (82.81%) renal units. Bilateral IRR was found in 53 patients, usually with a high-grade VUR on both sides. Most children had VUR grade IV, predominantly those < 12 months. The younger the child, the higher the likelihood of higher-grade VUR (p = 0.02).
conclusionceVUS, combined with harmonic imaging and second-generation ultrasound contrast media, enabled IRR detection in almost 12% of our patients with VUR. IRR is most commonly found in children under 1 year of age with VUR grades IV and V.
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