Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33634874›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of cancer2021

Alcohol drinking and risks of total and site-specific cancers in China: A 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million adults.

Pek Kei Im, Iona Y Millwood, Christiana Kartsonaki, Yiping Chen, Yu Guo, Huaidong Du, Zheng Bian, Jian Lan, Shixian Feng, Canqing Yu and 6 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. The association between blood-basedLung cancer management · 2025
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  15. Updated epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Etiology of lung cancer: Evidence from epidemiologic studies.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2022
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Pek Kei ImClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Iona Y MillwoodClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christiana KartsonakiClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yiping ChenClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yu GuoChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Huaidong DuClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Zheng BianChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jian LanNCDs Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou CDC, Liuzhou, China.
Shixian FengNCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Zhengzhou, China.
Canqing YuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jun LvDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Robin G WaltersClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Liming LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ling YangClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5750-6588
Zhengming ChenClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Collaborative Group
Population Council · INPeking University · CNChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNHenan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNLiu Zhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control · CNUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 29186Medical Research Council MC_U137686851Medical Research Council MC_UU_00017/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12026/2Wellcome Trust 088158Wellcome Trust 104085Wellcome Trust 202922
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alcohol drinking is associated with increased risks of several site-specific cancers, but its role in many other cancers remains inconclusive. Evidence is more limited from China, where cancer rates, drinking patterns and alcohol tolerability differ importantly from Western populations. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited >512 000 adults aged 30 to 79 years from 10 diverse areas during 2004 to 2008, recording alcohol consumption patterns by a standardised questionnaire. Self-reported alcohol consumption was estimated as grams of pure alcohol per week based on beverage type, amount consumed per occasion and drinking frequency. After 10 years of follow-up, 26 961 individuals developed cancer. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating alcohol consumption to incidence of site-specific cancers. Overall, 33% (n = 69 734) of men drank alcohol regularly (ie, ≥weekly) at baseline. Among male current regular drinkers, alcohol intake showed positive dose-response associations with risks of cancers in the oesophagus (655 events; HR = 1.98 [95%CI 1.79-2.18], per 280 g/wk), mouth and throat (236; 1.74 [1.48-2.05]), liver (573; 1.52 [1.31-1.76]), colon-rectum (575; 1.19 [1.00-1.43]), gallbladder (107; 1.60 [1.16-2.22]) and lung (1017; 1.25 [1.10-1.42]), similarly among never- and ever-regular smokers. After adjustment for total alcohol intake, there were greater risks of oesophageal cancer in daily drinkers than nondaily drinkers and of liver cancer when drinking without meals. The risks of oesophageal cancer and lung cancer were greater in men reporting flushing after drinking than not. In this male population, alcohol drinking accounted for 7% of cancer cases. Among women, only 2% drank regularly, with no clear associations between alcohol consumption and cancer risk. Among Chinese men, alcohol drinking is associated with increased risks of cancer at multiple sites, with certain drinking patterns (eg, daily, drinking without meals) and low alcohol tolerance further exacerbating the risks.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorAdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingChinaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsPrognosisProspective StudiesRisk FactorsalcoholcancerChinacohort studiesdrinking patterns

Identifiers

PMID33634874
PMCPMC8359462
OpenAlexW3130809187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.