ArticleInternational journal of cancer2021
The unveiled reality of human papillomavirus as risk factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-Risk HPV Testing in Head and Neck Carcinoma: Key Updates from the 2025 College of American Pathologists Guideline.Head and neck pathology · 2025Guideline
- A systematic literature review of the human papillomavirus prevalence in locally and regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers through the last decade: The "ALARM" study.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus infection and non-oropharyngeal head and neck cancers: an umbrella review of meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Non-Smoking, Non-Drinking Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with an Immune-Modulated Clinical Phenotype.Cancers · 2026Article
- Effect of metformin on hypoxia-associated gene expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in non-diabetic patients - a prospective window of opportunity study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Review
- Prognostic Relationship Between Human Papillomavirus Status and Overall Survival in Patients with Tongue Cancer.Viruses · 2025Article
- Correlation and prognosis analysis of human papillomavirus infection and P16 expression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the 53-Year Epidemiological Trends of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeastern Iran.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Robust HPV-16 Detection Workflow for Formalin-Fixed Cancer Tissue and Its Application for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent knowledge on squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: Contributing factors, underlying molecular pathways, and current attitudes in the therapeutic approaches.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- An unexpected role of CLASP1 in radiation response and S-phase regulation of head and neck cancer cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Lichen Planus: A Rare Case Report of a Pregnant Woman.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Tissue microarray analyses of the essential DNA repair factors ATM, DNA-PKcs and Ku80 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Uncommon and Challenging Phenotypes of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Carcinomas Revealed by High-Throughput Studies.Head and neck pathology · 2024Article
- Hallmarks of a genomically distinct subclass of head and neck cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Histologic spectrum and outcome of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a single center experience and a survey of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) cohort.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prognostic impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal cancer is generally acknowledged, and HPV-status is assessed routinely in clinical practice. Paradoxically, while the oral cavity seems the predilection site for productive HPV-infections, figures on HPV-attribution in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) differ widely, and prognostic impact is uncertain. Major obstacles are the lack of reproducible assays to detect HPV in nonoropharyngeal cancers, the relatively small cohorts studied and consequently the shortfall of convincing data. In our study, we used a validated, nucleic acid-based workflow to assess HPV-prevalence in a consecutive cohort of 1016 OCSCCs, and investigated its prognostic impact. In parallel, we analyzed p16-immunohistochemistry (p16-IHC) as surrogate marker for transforming HPV-infection and independent prognosticator. All OCSCC-patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2014 at two Dutch university medical centers were included (N = 1069). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-samples of 1016 OCSCCs could be retrieved. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumor area in the FFPE-blocks and tested for HPV. P16-IHC was performed on 580 OCSCCs, including all HPV-positive tumors. From 940 samples (92.5%), nucleic acids were of sufficient quality for HPV-testing. In total, 21 (2.2%) OCSCCs were HPV DNA-positive. All HPV DNA-positive tumors were E6 mRNA-positive and considered as true HPV-positive. There was no difference in survival between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OCSCCs. In total, 46 of 580 (7.9%) OCSCCs were p16-immunopositive, including all HPV-positive tumors. Survival was comparable in p16-positive and p16-negative OCSCCs. To conclude, HPV-prevalence is very low in OCSCC and neither HPV-status nor p16-status affects outcome. Based on these data, determining HPV-status in OCSCC seems irrelevant for clinical management.
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