ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2021
Analysis of opacification patterns in intraocular lenses (IOL).
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Scanning electron microscopy of artificial corneal endothelial keratoplasty implant.Journal of cataract and refractive surgery · 2026Article
- Surgical Outcomes of Retropupillary Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens Implantation for Various Indications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Material Analysis of Explanted Calcified Silicone Intraocular Lenses in Association with Asteroid Hyalosis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- A mini-invasive surgical technique for Carlevale IOL implantation: case series study and description of concomitant surgery.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Observational
- Etiology, pathogenesis, and management of acute intraocular lens opacification: a systematic review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Annular opacification of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens.Oman journal of ophthalmologyArticle
- Reversible Opacification of Intraocular Lens in vitro: Case Report.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIntraocular lens (IOL) opacification may cause severe visual impairment. The pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse opacification patterns in different IOLs. Therefore, this multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted at Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany and University-Hospital Basel, Switzerland. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this study, 75 opacified IOLs were identified and classified after extraction. Macroscopical photo documentation, light and electron microscopic analysis were done.
results68 acrylic-hydrophilic single-piece-IOLs, 1 acrylic-hydrophilic 3-piece-IOL, 6 acrylic-hydrophobic 3-piece-IOLs were extracted. The dataset comprised IOLs known for opacification and IOLs not having been reported yet. 67 IOLs showed a fine-granular and 8 IOLs a crust-like opacification pattern. According to literature, 62 of the fine-granular opacified IOLs were graded into type 1 (processing/packaging-induced primary opacification) and 13 into type 2 (secondary opacification of unknown aetiology). The anterior surface of the IOLs was affected in all 75 IOLs, the posterior surface only in 23 cases. Of all 67 fine-granular IOLs, 43 had a central defect and 21 had a zone without opacification (clear islet).
conclusionIn our series, the morphology of IOL opacification did not follow the existing pathogenetic classification that strictly discriminates between primary and secondary causes. Fine-granular IOL opacification occurs with similar patterns in both type 1 and type 2 IOL opacification, while a crust-like pattern was only detected in type 2 IOL opacifications. Consequently, susceptibility of an IOL to opacification is caused by a multifactorial combination of material and processing properties as well as individual (pathological) conditions of the patient.
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