ArticleMolecular vision2021
Effects of topical TGF-β1, TGF-β2, ATX, and LPA on IOP elevation and regulation of the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway.
Article in Molecular vision, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can MicroRNAs Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Glaucoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Their Diagnostic Significance.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Pro-Homeostatic Effects of Estrogen on Intraocular Pressure and the Trabecular Meshwork.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Effects of Brimonidine, Latanoprost, and Omidenepag on Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Fibrosis in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of Schlemm's canal cells reveals a lymphatic-biased identity and three major cell states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- An Autotaxin-Induced Ocular Hypertension Mouse Model Reflecting Physiological Aqueous Biomarker.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- TGF-β Isoforms Affect the Planar and Subepithelial Fibrogenesis of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts in Different Manners.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Aqueous Humor TGF-β2 and Its Association With Intraocular Pressure in a Naturally Occurring Large Animal Model of Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- TGF-β-3 Induces Different Effects from TGF-β-1 and -2 on Cellular Metabolism and the Spatial Properties of the Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-β1: Relevance to Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Fibrotic Response of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells to Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 3 and Autotaxin in Aqueous Humor.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Role of Autotaxin in High Glucose-Induced Human ARPE-19 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Degeneration of retina-brain components and connections in glaucoma: Disease causation and treatment options for eyesight preservation.Current research in neurobiology · 2022Review
- Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Synthesis, Characterization, andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Drugs and Devices for Tackling Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, and Need for Neuroprotection and Cytoprotective Therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe effects of aqueous mediators possibly increasing the outflow resistance, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, autotaxin (ATX), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells and monkey Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells were characterized and compared, and the effects of intracameral application of these mediators on intraocular (IOP) elevation were also examined.
methodsCells were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β2, ATX, LPA, or vehicle, and mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA, COL1A1, fibronectin, β-catenin, and ZO-1 were examined with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or immunofluorescence analyses or both. The permeability of cell monolayers was measured by determining the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) or with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability assay. IOP was evaluated in rabbit eyes after intracameral administration of the mediators.
resultsAll mediators induced upregulation of α-SMA, COL1A1, and fibronectin in hTM cells. The effect of TGF-β2 on mRNA expression of fibrotic markers was statistically significantly greater than that of TGF-β1. The effects of ATX and LPA indicated the time-dependent difference in the upregulation of α-SMA, COL1A1, and fibronectin. The TEER and FITC-dextran permeability of the SCE cells was evaluated after treatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, but no statistically significant change was observed within 24 h. ATX and LPA also reduced permeability statistically significantly after 3 h and 0.5 h, respectively, and the effect of LPA was more rapid compared to that of ATX. Statistically significant IOP elevation was observed in rabbit eyes as early as 0.5-2.0 h after ATX and LPA treatment and at 24 h after treatment with TGF-β2.
conclusionsTGF-β2 and ATX and LPA regulate aqueous outflow by modulation of hTM cells and SCE cells, and differences in timing between the effects of each mediator were observed. ATX and LPA showed more rapid effects on IOP elevation than TGF-β2. It was suggested that TGF-β2 and ATX/LPA are involved in increases of IOP, but the timing and sustainability differ between mediators, and they may play specific roles in different glaucoma subtypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33633440PMC7883930W3129198064What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.