ArticleScientific reports2021
Influenza infection as a trigger for systemic lupus erythematosus flares resulting in hospitalization.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinctive Inflammatory Traits of Parvovirus B19 Infection Associated with Persisting Autoimmunity.Viruses · 2026Observational
- Emerging and underrecognized viral triggers of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease flares.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-Term Safety of Anti-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-like Diseases with a Previous History of Myocarditis.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Long Term Outcomes of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multicentre Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study.World journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Influenza knowledge and barriers to vaccination in immunosuppressed patients in the pediatric rheumatology clinic.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2024Article
- Infection-Associated Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Intercurrent infection as a risk factor for disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- Risk of systemic lupus erythematosus flare after COVID-19 hospitalization: A matched cohort study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Agents and Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients with SLE: A Case-Control Study.Biomolecules · 2023Observational
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk: The Role of Environmental Factors.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Cardiac Safety of mRNA-Based Vaccines in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-like Disorders with a History of Myocarditis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Antimalarial treatment and minimizing prednisolone are associated with lower risk of infection in SLE: a 24-month prospective cohort study.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- A survey of systemic lupus erythematosus patients' attitudes toward influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in Southwest China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there are concerns that infections may increase the risk of flares. We evaluated the association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization. SLE flares resulting in hospitalization and influenza cases were ascertained from the Korean national healthcare insurance database (2014-2018). We used a self-controlled case series design. We defined the risk interval as the first 7 days after the influenza index date and the control interval was defined as all other times during the observation period of each year. We estimated the incidence rates of SLE flares resulting in hospitalization during the risk interval and control interval and compared them using a Poisson regression model. We identified 1624 influenza infections among the 1455 patients with SLE. Among those, there were 98 flares in 79 patients with SLE. The incidence ratio (IR) for flares during the risk interval as compared with the control interval was 25.75 (95% confidence interval 17.63-37.59). This significantly increased the IRs for flares during the risk interval in both women (IR 27.65) and men (IR 15.30), all age groups (IR 17.00-37.84), with and without immunosuppressive agent (IR 24.29 and 28.45, respectively), and with and without prior respiratory diseases (IR 21.86 and 26.82, respectively). We found significant association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization. Influenza infection has to be considered as a risk factor for flares in all SLE patients regardless of age, sex, medications, and comorbidities.
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