ArticleScientific reports2021
Association between parents' smoking status and tobacco exposure in school-age children: assessment using major urine biomarkers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomarker-questionnaire discordance in secondhand smoke exposure among Korean children: A secondary analysis of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Secondhand Tobacco Exposure Assessed Using Urinary Cotinine Among 10-Year-Old Children in Japan: An 11-Year Repeated Cross-sectional Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Assessing parental awareness and concerns about children's tobacco smoke exposure: a community-based analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Status of home-based secondhand smoke exposure among children and its association with health risks in Japan.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic factors, health behavior, parental or workplace smoking, and adult asthma risk in the United States.Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Saliva and Exhaled Breath Condensate Correlate With Serum in 4-12-Year-Olds Exposed to Secondhand Electronic Cigarette Vapors: A Pilot Study.Biological research for nursing · 2023Article
- Distinguishing Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke among U.S. Children Using Machine Learning: NHANES 2013-2016.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Status and correlates of children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home: A survey in Chongqing, China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Hand nicotine as an independent marker of thirdhand smoke pollution in children's environments.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Association between Fathers' Use of Heated Tobacco Products and Urinary Cotinine Concentrations in Their Spouses and Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries: a secondary analysis of the 2013-2018 global youth tobacco surveys.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure in school children in Malta assessed through urinary biomarkers.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Children are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents' smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6-12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β = 0.482, standard error [S.E.] = 0.065, P < 0.001) and cotinine (β = 0.472, S.E. = 0.06, P < 0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.
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