ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2021
Interaction of Religion/Spirituality With Internalized HIV Stigma, Depression, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Risk Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: The 6 City HPTN 061 Study.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial Mechanisms Linking Intersecting Stigmas and Condomless Anal Sex Among Transgender Women in India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- "Unlocking Healthier Ways of Living and Being": Black Same Gender Loving Men's Insights Into Developing a Spirituality-Based Holistic Health Intervention.Qualitative health research · 2026Article
- Internalized stigma among pediatric patients with osteosarcoma and retinoblastoma in Guatemala, Jordan, and Zimbabwe.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Influence of families and other adult support on HIV prevention outcomes among black men who have sex with men.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Using Principles of an Adaptation Framework to Adapt a Transdiagnostic Psychotherapy for People With HIV to Improve Mental Health and HIV Treatment Engagement: Focus Groups and Formative Research Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in HIV Testing in People Who Use Drugs Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
- Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Neighborhood social cohesion, religious participation and sexual risk behaviors among cisgender black sexual minority men in the southern United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- "In God's Hands": Qualitative Study of Religion/Spirituality and HIV-Related Intersectional Stigma Among Black Women Living With HIV in Washington, DC.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlack men who have sex with men (BMSM) remain at highest risk for HIV in the United States. Internalized HIV stigma and depression contribute to substance use and condomless anal intercourse (CAI). Religion and spirituality (R/S) are associated with decreased HIV-related risk behaviors for some groups, but their impact among BMSM is uncertain. We investigated the main and moderating roles of R/S on pathways from internalized HIV stigma to CAI while under the influence of drugs.
methodsWe used baseline data from 1511 BMSM from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 study to examine the associations between internalized HIV stigma, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and CAI while under the influence of drugs, adjusting for covariates in generalized structural equation models. We then tested whether R/S moderated the association between (1) internalized HIV stigma and depressive symptoms, (2) depressive symptoms and alcohol use, and (3) alcohol use and CAI while under the influence of drugs.
resultsSpiritual beliefs [F(1,2) = 9.99, P < 0.001], spiritual activities [F(1,2) = 9.99, P < 0.001], and religious attendance [F(1,2) = 9.99, P < 0.001] moderated the pathway between internalized HIV stigma and depressive symptoms. As internalized HIV stigma increased, those with lower spiritual activity scores experienced significantly higher increases in depressive symptoms compared with those with higher spiritual activity scores whose depressive symptom scores remained unchanged [stigma × spiritual activities B = -0.18 (SE = 0.07), P < 0.001].
conclusionsReligion and spirituality were protective against CAI among BMSM. Future intervention research should explore ways to incorporate religious and/or spiritual activities to reduce internalized HIV stigma as one way to reduce depressive symptoms among BMSM.
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