ArticleTropical medicine and health2021
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors and mortality rates for children co-infected with HIV and TB in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of TB & HIV co-infection mortality rate in sub-Saharan African children, youth, and adolescents.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children less than 15 years of age on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of tuberculosis in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Tuberculosis-associated mortality and risk factors for HIV-infected population in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence rate of mortality and its predictors among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors Among People Living With HIV After Isoniazid-Rifapentine (3HP) Preventive Therapy in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Time to incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among adult HIV/AIDS patients who initiated ART by the Universal Test and Treat approach in Silte Zone, Ethiopia, 2023.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Active tuberculosis incidence among treatment failure experienced patients in North Wollow Zone: A multicenter historical cohort.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Proportion of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected children after antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of tuberculosis among adult people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Article
- Time to tuberculosis development and its predictors among HIV-positive patients: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Bayesian parametric modeling of time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Incidence and factors associated with active tuberculosis among people living with HIV after long-term antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a competing risk model.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Increased Mortality in HIV Infected Individuals with Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- The Effect of Long-Term HAART on the Incidence of Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Matched Nested Case-Control Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis is the oldest infectious disease and it is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though several primary studies have been conducted on the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals in Ethiopia, national-level tuberculosis incidence is unknown. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the TB incidence rate and its predictors among HIV-infected individuals after the initiation of ART in Ethiopia.
methodsWe conducted an extensive search of literature as indicated in the guideline of reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, and HINARI literature. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis and Meta regressions were conducted using STATA 14 software. Met-analysis and meta-regression were computed to present the pooled incidence rate and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients after initiation of ART with a 95% confidence interval.
resultsAmong a total of 189 studies, 11 studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled incidence rate of TB per 100-person year observation (PYO) among HIV-infected patients after initiation of ART therapy was 4.8(95% CI 3.69-5.83). In subgroup analysis, the estimated pooled incidence of tuberculosis showed a slight difference between adults and children after initiation of ART treatment, which was 4.3 (95% CI 2.96, 5.71) and 5.0 (95% CI 3.51, 6.50), respectively. Significantly pooled estimates of predictors of TB incidence by a meta-analysis were being anemic (2.30, 95% CI 1.75, 3.02); on clinical stages III and IV (2.26, 95% CI 1.70, 3.02); and not on cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (2.16, 95% CI 1.23, 3.72). Besides, a meta-regression revealed that CD4 <200 cells/mm
conclusionsThe current study showed that the pooled incidence of TB among HIV patients was found to be lower than the WHO 2018 national estimate. Being anemic, WHO stages III and IV, not on CPT, CD4<200cells/μl, and being male were significant predictors of tuberculosis. Therefore, the existing strategies to decrease TB should be strengthening. STUDY PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: CRD42020155573.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.