Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33632203›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Sociocultural barriers to hepatitis B health literacy in an immigrant population: a focus group study in Korean Americans.

Sarah Hyun, Okhyun Ko, Soonsik Kim, William R Ventura

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Barriers to Hepatitis B Treatment: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Registry and Survey Study by the Canadian Hepatitis B Network.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
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  12. Health disparities in cirrhosis care and liver transplantation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sarah HyunColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10964, USA. sarahshyun@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4497-394X
Okhyun KoKCS Public Health and Research Center, 2 W. 32nd St. Suite 604, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
Soonsik KimKCS Public Health and Research Center, 2 W. 32nd St. Suite 604, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
William R VenturaSt. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, 07503, USA.
Columbia University · USSt. Joseph’s University Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health issue disproportionately affecting Asian Americans and other immigrant populations in the United States. Despite the high risk of morbid complications from CHB, the majority of individuals with CHB do not access healthcare due to a complex of barriers. These barriers influence health literacy which may affect behaviors linked to hepatitis B care. We aimed to identify and evaluate various sociocultural factors and how they interact with health literacy to impact CHB care and health seeking in a Korean American population.

methodsA total of 28 Korean American individuals with CHB were divided into 5 different focus discussion groups. This study investigated the participants' sociocultural backgrounds as well as their awareness and utilization of the healthcare system that could influence their health literacy and behaviors in accessing care.

resultsOur analysis identified and concentrated on three themes that emerged from these discussions: low risk perception and knowledge of CHB and its complications; language, immigrant status, and stigma; and financial and institutional barriers. The participants' overall awareness of the disease and prevention methods demonstrated poor understanding of important characteristics and potential outcomes of the disease. Additionally, differences in cultural expectations and a lack of understanding and utilization of healthcare systems affected health literacy in further limiting participants' motivation to seek care.

conclusionsThe present study suggests that there are culture-specific barriers to health literacy governing individuals' health behavior in accessing hepatitis B care. These findings may inform strategies for developing culturally tailored resources and programs and for facilitating the implementation of community-wide hepatitis B education and screening initiatives in immigrant communities.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsHealth LiteracyHepatitis BAsianFocus GroupsHealth Services AccessibilityHumansUnited StatesChronic hepatitis B (CHB)Community healthHealth disparitiesHealth literacyImmigrant population

Identifiers

PMID33632203
PMCPMC7908637
OpenAlexW3129965625

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.