Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33631710›Full record

ArticleSleep medicine2021

Pandemic dreams: quantitative and qualitative features of the oneiric activity during the lockdown due to COVID-19 in Italy.

Maurizio Gorgoni, Serena Scarpelli, Valentina Alfonsi, Ludovica Annarumma, Susanna Cordone, Serena Stravolo, Luigi De Gennaro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
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  7. Article
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  10. Nightmare frequency and nightmare distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022
    Review
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Sleep disorders and mental health in hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional multicenter study in Northern Italy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022
    Article
  16. The Oneiric Activity during and after the COVID-19 Total Lockdown in Italy: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maurizio GorgoniDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: maurizio.gorgoni@uniroma1.it.
Serena ScarpelliIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Valentina AlfonsiIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Ludovica AnnarummaDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Susanna CordoneDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Serena StravoloDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Luigi De GennaroDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on daily habits, emotional experience, mental health and sleep. A large body of evidence suggests that dreams are affected by both waking experiences and sleep pattern. In this view, the lockdown should have induced intense modifications in dreaming activity. The aim of the study was to assess dream features during the lockdown in Italy.

methodsWe used an online survey to collect self-reported demographic, clinical, sleep and dream data. Our sample included 1091 participants.

resultsResults point to an increased dream frequency, emotional load, vividness, bizarreness and length during the lockdown, compared to a pre-lockdown period. Higher dream frequency and specific qualitative features were found in females and subjects with poor sleep quality, nocturnal disruptive behaviours and depressive symptoms. Most of the dream features assessed during the lockdown were predicted by age, gender, depressive symptoms, presence/absence of other people at home, and territorial area. A specific focus on sleep features revealed that sleep duration and several sleep quality indexes were the best predictors of dream variables. During the lockdown, dreams were also characterized by increased negative emotions, which were particularly frequent in females, younger adults, and participants with poor sleep quality, nocturnal disruptive behaviours, anxiety and depressive symptoms.

conclusionsOur results confirm the hypothesis of a strong influence of the pandemic on dreaming, supporting both the hypothesis of continuity between wake and sleep mental processes and the view of a crucial influence of sleep quality and duration on dreaming activity.

Indexed as

COVID-19DreamsPandemicsQuarantineAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansItalyMaleQualitative ResearchSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultContinuity hypothesisCOVID-19DreamsEmotionsLockdownSleep pattern

Identifiers

PMID33631710
PMCPMC7868738

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.