ReviewJournal of autoimmunity2021
Clinical disease activity and flare in SLE: Current concepts and novel biomarkers.
Review in Journal of autoimmunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Arthritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Pooled it
- Risk of flare or relapse in patients with immune-mediated diseases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Pooled it
- The pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-α and TNF-α inhibit organoid-derived extravillous trophoblast invasion.iScience · 2026Article
- IL-6 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: At the Intersection of Disease Activity and Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The value of antinuclear antibody spectrum in diagnosis and disease activity assessment in early atypical systemic lupus erythematosus.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Anti-CD19-engineered exosomes enable B cell-targeted anti-BAFF mRNA delivery to alleviate lupus progression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Jieduquyuziyin prescription for systemic lupus erythematosus: a system-level therapeutic strategy for immunological recalibration.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- A Rare Case of Myopathy Associated with Entecavir Initiation.The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians · 2026Article
- Immune thrombocytopenia in patients with connective tissue disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Early vs Delayed Belimumab Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Pathogenic and Clinical Relevance of Serum IL-17A and TNF-α in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SLE-diseaseome: a comprehensive meta-collection of systemic lupus erythematosus relevant functional pathways.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Integrative plasma proteomics and myeloid- interferon profiling reveal an AI-validated vascular- endothelial stress signature distinguishing SLE flare from remission in an Indian cohort a discovery - phase study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case report and literature review: neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as massive intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Elevated interleukin-6 levels predict short-term flare in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Serum steroid hormone profiles in reproductive-age women with systemic lupus erythematosus: associations with clinical manifestations and disease activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Anaphylactic Induction of Lupus Nephritis and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Following Administration of Depo-Provera.Case reports in immunology · 2026Article
- Plasma catecholamine metabolites are associated with disease activity and pathophysiological features in systemic lupus erythematosus using targeted LC-MS/MS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease associated with innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. SLE occurs primarily in females of childbearing age, with increased prevalence and severity in minority populations. Despite improvements in treatment modalities, SLE patients frequently experience periods of heightened disease activity and flare that can lead to permanent organ damage, increased morbidity, and early mortality. Such outcomes impair quality of life and inflict a significant socioeconomic burden. Predicting changes in SLE disease activity could allow for closer monitoring and preemptive treatment, but existing clinical, demographic and serologic markers have been only modestly predictive. Novel, proactive approaches to clinical disease management are thus critically needed. Panels of blood biomarkers can detect a breadth of immune pathway dysregulation that captures SLE heterogeneity and disease activity. Alterations in the balance of pro-inflammatory and regulatory soluble mediators have been associated with changes in clinical disease activity and are detectable several weeks prior to clinical flare occurrence. A soluble mediator score has been highly predictive of impending flare in both European American and African American SLE patients, and this score does not require a priori knowledge of specific pathway activation in the patient. We review current concepts of disease activity and flare in SLE, focusing on the potential of novel blood biomarkers to characterize and predict changes in disease activity. Measuring the disordered immune response in SLE in this way promises to improve disease management and prevent organ damage in SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.