SynthesisTravel medicine and infectious disease
COVID-19 sequelae in adults aged less than 50 years: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long COVID: A Mixed Method Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- What are the long-term holistic health consequences of COVID-19 among survivors? An umbrella systematic review.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical patterns of somatic symptoms in patients suffering from post-acute long COVID: a systematic review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of internal medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Exploring the Role of Post-Viral Phenomenon in the Pathogenesis of Achalasia: Insights From a Clinical Case.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- A systematic scoping review and conceptual analysis of new-onset fibromyalgia manifestations after non-hospitalized COVID-19: empirics, definitions, methodologies, pathophysiology, mapping of literature, and knowledge gaps.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Fibrosis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Observational
- Factors Associated with Post-COVID Cardiac Conditions and Potential Prognostic Factors: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- SARS-COV-2 re-infection and incidence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among essential workers in New York: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Article
- Development and validation of an instrument for tracking and analyzing recovery from symptoms associated with COVID-19.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Series in China: Sequelae and Effectiveness of Vaccination and Antiviral Drugs.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Fu Tu Sheng Jin Rehabilitation Formula Mitigate Airway Inflammation, Mucus Secretion and Immune Dysfunction Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Follow-Up of Cardiopulmonary Responses Using Submaximal Exercise Test in Older Adults with Post-COVID-19.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2024Article
- Long Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Participants with Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study.Neurology international · 2024Article
- Physical Health in Patients with Post-COVID-19 6 and 12 Months after an Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Long COVID-19 Infection.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Orexin-A increases the differentiation of human olfactory sensory neurons through orexin receptor type 1.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is emerging evidence of long-term sequelae in a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients after recovery and the spectrum and severity of such sequelae should be systematically reviewed. This review aims to evaluate the available evidence of all intermediate and long-term COVID-19 sequelae affecting formerly healthy adults.
methodsA systematic literature search of Embase, WHO, Scopus, Pubmed, Litcovid, bioRxiv and medRxiv was conducted with a cutoff date of the 17th September 2020 according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020208725). Search terms included "COVID-19", "coronavirus disease 2019", "SARS-CoV-2", "sequelae" and "consequence*". Publications on adult participants, with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Elderly (>50 years old) and children (<18 years old) were excluded. Bias assessment was performed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
resultsA total of 31 papers were included. Study types included prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case reports. Sequelae persistence since infection spanned 14 days to three months. Sequelae included persistent fatigue (39-73% of assessed persons), breathlessness (39-74%), decrease in quality of life (44-69%), impaired pulmonary function, abnormal CT findings including pulmonary fibrosis (39-83%), evidence of peri-/perimyo-/myocarditis (3-26%), changes in microstructural and functional brain integrity with persistent neurological symptoms (55%), increased incidence of psychiatric diagnoses (5.8% versus 2.5-3.4% in controls), incomplete recovery of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (33-36% of evaluated persons).
conclusionsA variety of organ systems are affected by COVID-19 in the intermediate and longer-term after recovery. Main sequelae include post-infectious fatigue, persistent reduced lung function and carditis. Careful follow-up post COVID 19 is indicated to assess and mitigate possible organ damage and preserve life quality.
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Registered trials
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