SynthesisPediatric pulmonology2021
COVID-19 under 19: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Pediatric pulmonology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Examining the relationship between healthcare practitioners' communication and patient adherence to treatment: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Severe Outcomes Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 under 19: A meta-analysis.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Assessment of Trends in Non-Restorative and Preventative Dental Treatment Pre- and Post-COVID-19: A Health Informatics Pilot Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comparison of the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever with Dengue and COVID-19 in Hospitalized Children, Sonora, México, 2015-2022.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with suspected and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during the six waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection in northern Iran a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: a large multicenter study from Iran.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Symptomatology in Hospitalized Children with RSV, COVID-19, and Influenza Infections.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- An Inquiry-Based Distance Learning Tool for Medical Students Under Lockdown ("COVID-19 Rounds"): Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR medical education · 2023Article
- Factors influencing viral shedding time in non-severe paediatric infection with the SARS-CoV-2: a single-centre retrospective study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Article
- Smart Thermometer-Based Participatory Surveillance to Discern the Role of Children in Household Viral Transmission During the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with confirmed COVID-19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital in Manila, Philippines.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Hospitalizations and deaths of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection due to COVID-19 during the epidemiological year of 2020.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- ICU Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Private Healthcare System.International journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Three years of COVID-19 in children that attend the Mexican Social Security Institute's 1,350 child day-care centers, 2020-2023.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized children across four waves in Hungary: A retrospective, comparative study from March 2020 to December 2021.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Infection Prevention during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors in children and adolescents: an international overview.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause global havoc posing uncertainty to educational institutions worldwide. Understanding the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children is important because of the potential impact on clinical management and public health decisions.
methodsA meta-analysis was conducted for pediatric COVID-19 studies using PubMed and Scopus. It reviewed demographics, co-morbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations, treatment, and outcomes. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilized.
resultsOut of 3927 articles, 31 articles comprising of 1816 patients were selected from December 2019 to early October 2020 and were defined by 77 variables. Of these studies 58% originated from China and the remainder from North America, Europe and the Middle East. This meta-analysis revealed that 19.2% (CI 13.6%-26.4%) of patients were asymptomatic. Fever (57%, CI 49.7%-64%) and cough (44.1%, CI 38.3%-50.2%) were the most common symptoms. The most frequently encountered white blood count abnormalities were lymphopenia 13.5% (CI 8.2%-21.4%) and leukopenia 12.6% (CI 8.5%-18.3%). Ground glass opacities were the most common radiological finding of children with COVID-19 (35.5%, CI 28.9%-42.7%). Hospitalization rate was 96.3% (CI 92.4%-98.2%) of which 10.8% (CI 4.2%-25.3%) were ICU admissions, and 2.4% (CI 1.7%-3.4%) died.
conclusionThe majority of pediatric patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic or had mild manifestations. Among hospitalized patients there remains a significant number that require intensive care unit care. Overall across the literature, a considerable level of understanding of COVID-19 in children was reached, yet emerging data related to multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children should be explored.
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