Trial reportPloS one2021
Awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India: Results from a multi-city cross-sectional survey.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV among people who inject drugs in India: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis continuum of care among women who inject drugs: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- What, how, and when matters: acceptability and preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among people who inject drugs in New Delhi, India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Alcohol Use and the Care Continuum for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis: An Updated Scoping Review of Research and Interventions.AIDS and behavior · 2026Review
- Prevalence and uptake of HIV services among men who have sex with men in Northern Nigeria.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for men who have sex with men and transgender women in a clinic and a community-based setting: results from the first demonstration project in India.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Increasing Syphilis Prevalence Among MSM Across India Despite Improvements in the HIV Care Continuum.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Willingness to use microbicides among females who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Acceptability and Preferences of Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and People Who Inject Drugs in India: Insights for Future Implementation.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- The Association Between HIV and Substance Use Stigma and Attitudes and Utilization of HIV Care Among Adults Who Use Injection Drugs: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- HIV risk and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Nairobi: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Adherence to on-demand and daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among men who have sex with men in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Willingness to Use Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kampala, Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Improving HIV Prevention for Key Populations in Nigeria: Insights on Access, Barriers, Stigma, and Service Utilization.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2025Article
- Article
- What will it take to expand the pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent new HIV infections in India?The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programmatic preferences among people who inject drugs: findings from a discrete choice experiment.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Assessing awareness and utilisation of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among women who inject drugs in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Long-acting Injectable PrEP Interest and General PrEP Awareness among People who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Metroplex.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Perceptions and experiences of daily and long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM in India.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in reducing HIV transmission among key populations. In India, where PrEP is not currently part of the national HIV program, little is known about PrEP awareness, willingness to use PrEP, and barriers to uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM).
methodsWe used respondent-driven sampling to accrue PWID and MSM in 22 sites from August 2016 to May 2017. Participants were asked about awareness of PrEP, willingness to use PrEP (following a brief description) and reasons why they might not be willing to use PrEP. Participants were also queried on preferences for PrEP delivery modality (oral vs. injectable). Multi-level logistic regression models were used to determine participant correlates of willingness to use PrEP. Estimates were weighted for the sampling method.
resultsA total of 10,538 PWID and 8,621 MSM who self-reported being HIV-negative were included in the analysis. Only 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9, 6.3) of PWID and 8.0% of MSM (95% CI: 7.7, 8.4) were aware of PrEP. However, willingness to use PrEP was substantially higher in both groups: 52.4% of PWID and 67.6% of MSM. Participants commonly cited a perceived low risk for acquiring HIV infection, being perceived by others as being HIV-positive, and side effects as reasons why they would be unwilling to use PrEP. Among PWID, sharing needles and hazardous alcohol use were associated with increased willingness to use PrEP. Among MSM, having a main male partner and injection drug use were associated with increased willingness to use PrEP. Preference for daily oral or monthly injectable PrEP was similar among MSM (39.6%% vs. 41.7%,), while PWID were more likely to prefer oral to injectable administration routes (56.3% vs. 31.1%).
conclusionsAs India plans to roll-out of PrEP in the public sector, our multi-city survey of PWID and MSM highlights the need for key population-focused education campaigns about PrEP and self-assessment of risk.
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