ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
A Census Tract-Level Examination of Differences in Social Determinants of Health Among People With HIV, by Race/Ethnicity and Geography, United States and Puerto Rico, 2017.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of HIV in slums area: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Social Determinants of Health and HIV Diagnosis Rates in U.S. Counties, Comparing Ending the Epidemic (EHE) and Non-EHE Priority Jurisdictions.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- How Does Poverty Stigma Affect Depression Symptoms for Women Living with HIV? Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- A latent class analyses of economic stability, medical mistrust, and barriers to care in relation to PrEP awareness in Black communities in Miami, FL.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Associations of County-Level Social Determinants of Health with COVID-19 Related Hospitalization Among People with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis of the U.S. National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Neighborhood-level characteristics as effect modifiers on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS mobile intervention in same-sex attracted adolescent men.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Understanding why racial/ethnic inequities along the HIV care continuum persist in the United States: a qualitative exploration of systemic barriers from the perspectives of African American/Black and Latino persons living with HIV.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Income and rural-urban status moderate the association between income inequality and life expectancy in US census tracts.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
- Using the Positive Peers Mobile App to Improve Clinical Outcomes for Young People With HIV: Prospective Observational Cohort Comparison.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Observational
- Geographic Differences in Reaching Selected National HIV Strategic Targets Among People With Diagnosed HIV: 16 US States and Puerto Rico, 2017-2020.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Among Persons With HIV in San Francisco, California.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Unmet needs for ancillary care services are associated with HIV clinical outcomes among adults with diagnosed HIV.AIDS care · 2022Article
- Improved PrEP Awareness and Use among Trans Women in San Francisco, California.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Social Determinants of Disease: HIV and COVID-19 Experiences.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- HIV testing during pregnancy among women with a recent live birth-Seven US States, 2016-2019.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSocial and structural factors, referred to as social determinants of health (SDH), create pathways or barriers to equitable sexual health, and information on these factors can provide critical insight into rates of diseases such as HIV. Our objectives were to describe and identify differences, by race/ethnicity and geography, in SDH among adults with HIV.
methodsWe conducted an ecological study to explore SDH among people with HIV diagnosed in 2017, by race/ethnicity and geography, at the census-tract level in the United States and Puerto Rico. We defined the least favorable SDH as the following: low income (<$40 000 in median annual household income), low levels of education (≥18% of residents have <high school diploma), high levels of poverty (≥19% of residents live below the federal poverty level), unemployment (≥6% of residents in the workface do not have a job), lack of health insurance (≥16% of residents lack health insurance), and vacant housing (≥15% of housing units are vacant).
resultsHIV diagnosis rates increased 1.4 to 4.0 times among men and 1.5 to 5.5 times among women as census-tract poverty levels increased, education levels decreased, income decreased, unemployment increased, lack of health insurance increased, and vacant housing increased. Among racial/ethnic groups by region and SDH, we observed higher HIV diagnosis rates per 100 000 population among non-Hispanic Black (49.6) and non-Hispanic White (6.5) adults in the South and among Hispanic/Latino (27.4) adults in the Northeast than in other regions. We observed higher HIV diagnosis rates per 100 000 population among non-Hispanic Black (44.3) and Hispanic/Latino (21.1) adults than among non-Hispanic White (5.1) adults.
conclusionOur findings highlight the importance of SDH in HIV infection and support the need for effective, targeted local interventions to specific populations based on HIV diagnoses and prevalence to prevent infection and reduce racial/ethnic disparities.
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