Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33629532›Full record

ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2021

Olfactory cleft mucus inflammatory proteins in CRS: a case-control study.

Timothy L Smith, Rodney J Schlosser, Zachary M Soler, Jess C Mace, Jose L Mattos, Vijay R Ramakrishnan, Daniel M Beswick, Jeremiah A Alt, Jennifer K Mulligan

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. What can we learn about chronic rhinosinusitis through mucus?Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery · 2026
    Review
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  7. Article
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  9. Observational
  10. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Observational
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  15. Effectiveness and rapidity on olfatory fuction recovery in CRS patients treated with Dupilumab: a real life prospective controlled study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. [Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2023
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Timothy L SmithDivision of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.ORCID 0000-0002-6424-7083
Rodney J SchlosserDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Zachary M SolerDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Jess C MaceDivision of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
Jose L MattosDivision of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.ORCID 0000-0001-8766-1626
Vijay R RamakrishnanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.ORCID 0000-0003-2748-0705
Daniel M BeswickDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.ORCID 0000-0001-8612-5442
Jeremiah A AltDivision of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.ORCID 0000-0003-0560-5028
Jennifer K MulliganDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Medical University of South Carolina · USOregon Health & Science University · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USUniversity of Florida · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

DETERMINANTS OF SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN CHRONIC SINUSITISR01DC005805 · NIDCD · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, TIMOTHY L, SOLER, ZACHARY M · 2004 to 2020
$7.6M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC005805
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple hypotheses are evolving that suggest several, potentially overlapping etiologies for olfactory dysfunction (OD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding inflammatory cytokine profiles of the olfactory cleft (OC) and their association with olfactory function is foundational for future clinical care and research.

methodsThis cross-sectional, case-control study evaluates associations among OC mucus inflammatory proteins, psychophysical olfactory testing, and computed tomography (CT) analysis of the OC and sinuses. Normative reference intervals were determined for each protein and odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare proportions of altered expression between CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

resultsCase subjects with CRS (n = 151) and controls (n = 74) were evaluated. A majority of OC proteins tested were found within detectable ranges for cases and controls. The CRS cohort had significantly higher concentrations for 23 of 26 proteins. CRS cases with abnormal levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, interleukin 5 (IL5), IL10, and IL13 associated with greater olfactory deficits. The prevalence of elevated IL5 and IL13 in anosmic patients was 64.6% and 62.5%, respectively (p < 0.004). CRS cases with the highest odds of elevated expression in CRSwNP were IL5 (OR = 10.83) and IL13 (OR = 8.36). However, both IL5 and IL13 were still elevated in approximately 14% of CRSsNP patients. The highest magnitude of correlation between the total percent of OC opacification was found to be with IL5 (r = 0.543; p < 0.001), whereas other moderate correlations were noted with immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL10, and IL13.

conclusionThis study confirmed that OC inflammatory proteins vary both by disease phenotype and in their association with OD. Type 2 inflammatory mediators are increased in CRS, especially within the CRSwNP group. However, a substantial proportion of CRSsNP also express type 2 inflammatory mediators. Further research is necessary to understand the complex roles OC mucous inflammatory proteins might play in defining endotype and in impacting CRS-related OD. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.

Indexed as

Nasal PolypsRhinitisSinusitisCase-Control StudiesChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMucuschronic diseaseinflammationolfactionoutcome assessment (health care)sinusitissmell, proteins

Identifiers

PMID33629532
PMCPMC8382803
OpenAlexW3130515414

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.