ReviewThe Psychiatric quarterly2022
Methods and Strategies for Reducing Seclusion and Restraint in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Care.
Review in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Child and Family Centred Care: A Three-Phased Principle-Based Concept Analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Perceptions about children and adolescents' mental health crisis intervention: a qualitative systematic review.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Pooled it
- Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Youth with Autism and/or Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Characteristics and Considerations.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Experiences of restrictive practices in child and adolescent mental health inpatient care: an integrative review.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Review
- Teaching Medical Students and Residents to Practice Trauma-Informed Care in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Review
- Incidence of Using Physical, Mechanical Restraints and Seclusion in Saudi Mental Health Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Restraint care in the pediatric intensive care unit: a qualitative investigation of nurses' perspectives and experiences.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Differentiating Therapeutic Responses That Reduce Restrictive Practice Use and Situational Aggression in an Acute Mental Health Unit.Journal of clinical nursing · 2025Article
- Perceived determinants of the use of coercion in inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry: a qualitative interview study with staff.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Recovery-oriented and trauma-informed care for people with mental disorders to promote human rights and quality of mental health care: a scoping review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- 'We tried our best... it wasn't great': a qualitative study of clinician experiences on child psychiatry wards at the height of COVID-19.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Surveying Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Units: Demographics, Policies, and Practice.Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health · 2024Article
- Evaluating Adolescent Patient Outcomes and Staff Member Injuries at a General Psychiatric Inpatient Unit.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Children and adolescents at risk for seclusion and restraint in inpatient psychiatric treatment: a case control study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Race-Based Disparities in the Frequency and Duration of Restraint Use in a Psychiatric Inpatient Setting.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Effects of stricter legislation on coercive measures in child and adolescent psychiatric care: a qualitative interview study with staff.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Trauma-informed care in the emergency department: concepts and recommendations for integrating practices into emergency medicine.Medical education online · 2023Article
- The Role of Psychiatrists in Seclusion and Restraint Episodes: a Curriculum for Psychiatric Trainees.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Trauma Informed Interventions to Reduce Seclusion, Restraint and Restrictive Practices Amongst Staff Caring for Children and Adolescents with Challenging Behaviours: A Systematic Review.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2023Article
- Understanding staff perceptions on adolescent seclusions.Evidence-based nursing · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Restraints and seclusions are restrictive interventions used in psychiatric inpatient units when there is an imminent risk of harm to the patient or others. Coercive measures are controversial and can lead to negative consequences, including negative emotions, re-traumatization, injuries, or death. The article summarizes the last 10 years of literature regarding methods and strategies used for reducing seclusions and restraints in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient units, and reports on their outcomes. The literature was reviewed by searching PubMed and PsycInfo for English-language articles published between May 2010 and May 2020. Eighteen articles were found that described methods or strategies aimed at reducing restraint or seclusion utilization in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient units. The following interventions were evaluated: Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), Six Core Strategies, Child and Family Centered Care (CFCC), Collaborative & Proactive Solutions (CPS), Strength-Based Care, Modified Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (M-PBIS), Behavioral Modification Program (BMP), Autism Spectrum Disorder Care Pathway (ASD-CP), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), sensory rooms, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training (MBSR) of staff, and Milieu Nurse-Client Shift Assignments. Most of the interventions reduced the use of seclusions and/or restraints. Two child-centered and trauma-informed initiatives eliminated the use of mechanical restraints. This review shows that the use of coercive measures can be reduced and should be prioritized. Successful implementation requires ongoing commitment on all levels of an organization and a willingness to learn. To facilitate comparisons, future models should evaluate different standardized parameters.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.