ReviewThe AAPS journal2021
The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on immune cells and its formulation design for vaccines.
Review in The AAPS journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Novel PLGA-based nano-adjuvant augments mucosal and systemic immunity in chicks through intestinal targeting and IgA production.Poultry science · 2026Article
- The Role of Vitamin D and Selected Nutrients in the Development of Myopia in Children and Young Adults: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- IL-6 is one of the key factors in the formation of gut tissue resident memory T cells from Naïve T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in a cohort of healthy healthcare workers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Retinoid X receptor heterodimers in hepatic function: structural insights and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- All-trans retinoic acid in hematologic disorders: not just acute promyelocytic leukemia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Vitamin A Deficiency, COVID-19, and Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis (Black Fungus): An Analytical Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Arginase on Canine T-Lymphocyte Functions and its Modulation by All-Trans Retinoid Acid (ATRA) in Canine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- All-trans retinoic acid increases the pathogenicity of the H9N2 influenza virus in mice.Virology journal · 2022Article
- A novel hypothesis for COVID-19 pathogenesis: Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder.Cellular signalling · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As one of the most important metabolites of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses. RA has been shown to promote the differentiation of naïve T and B cells and perform diverse functions in the presence of different cytokines. RA also induces gut tropic lymphocytes through upregulating the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9) and α4β7 integrin. In addition, RA promotes the expression of the enzyme retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) on dendritic cells, which in turn strengthens the ability to synthesize RA. Due to the insolubility of RA, proper formulation design can maximize its ability to improve immune responses for vaccines. Recent studies have developed some formulations co-loading RA and antigen, which can effectively imprint lymphocytes gut homing properties and induce intestine immune responses as well as systemic responses through parenteral administration, providing a promising direction for the protection against mucosal infections. Here, we review the mechanism and effects of RA on lymphocyte differentiation and gut homing, and recent progress of RA delivery systems to improve mucosal immune responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.