ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2021
Exacerbation of visual hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome due to the social implications of COVID-19.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05069753 (Patient Reported Visual Function Outcome Following Bilateral Cataract Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Patient Reported Visual Function Outcome Following Bilateral Cataract Surgery
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Sleep, and Hallucinations in Adults with Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 'Everywhere I turn, I'm blocked': a qualitative exploration of experiences of Charles Bonnet syndrome and its impact on physical activity and falls.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Understanding healthcare accessibility for military veterans living with Charles Bonnet Syndrome: co-production of a psychoeducational toolkit.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Believing in simulated virtual scents produces reported olfactory sensations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Charles Bonnet syndrome in adults with inherited retinal disease: prevalence and patient perspectives.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- Charles Bonnet syndrome among visually impaired military veterans: findings from a UK screening and survey study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Social Isolation as a Precipitating Factor for Charles Bonnet Syndrome in a Patient with Mild Visual Deterioration.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Complex Hallucinations in Hospitalized Rehabilitation Patients With COVID-19.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2022Article
- The Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Loneliness in People Living With Disability and Visual Impairment.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- The impact of an educational podcast on emotional wellbeing and attitudes towards Charles Bonnet syndrome hallucinations.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- An overview of psychological and social factors in Charles Bonnet syndrome.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
- Practice patterns in reporting and documentation of Charles Bonnet syndrome: a retrospective review following COVID-19.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- Are depression, anxiety and loneliness associated with visual hallucinations in younger adults with Charles Bonnet syndrome?Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- The missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
- Charles Bonnet syndrome in patients with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCharles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) occurs secondary to sight loss, characterised by spontaneous visual hallucinations. Symptom manifestation can be influenced by social isolation. This research aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on patients with CBS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A prospective cross-sectional survey of 45 individuals with active CBS. Open and closed ended questions were used to measure patient-reported features of hallucinatory experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown and perceived episode triggers. Analysis comprised of descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and associations, supplemented with qualitative descriptions.
resultsThe survey was operational for 31 days during the COVID-19 pandemic (June-July 2020). The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 69.3 (±18) years and the majority (42.2%) had macular disease. Loneliness during the lockdown was associated with changes in the nature of visual hallucinations (p=0.04). Individuals experiencing greater loneliness were, on average, older than those with no changes to their feelings of loneliness (mean age 73.3±17 vs 60.2±19 years; p=0.03). Despite experiencing greater feelings of loneliness (67%), most individuals (60%) had not accessed support services for this reason.
conclusionsAround half of respondents in this survey experienced exacerbation of visual hallucinations during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may partly be explained by loneliness and/or environmental triggers. We provide suggestions to promote effective patient self-management of symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.