ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2021
Reconstructing the Composition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contemporary Aqueous Film-Forming Foams.
Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- AFFF on fire: new insights into the thermal fate of the AFFF compound Capstone B.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Known and Novel Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Serum of Tucson (AZ) Firefighters.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Using Dose-Additive Models To Predict Exposure and Effects of a Military Site Risk-Relevant PFAS Mixture in Mice.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Serum PFAS in Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) Firefighters From Six U.S. Airport Fire Departments.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- The hidden fluorine: a critical review of analytical methods for unmasking PFAS and closing fluorine mass balance in environmental samples.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- The PFAS roadmap-Navigating a path together to improved management.Sustainability science and technology · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water and cancer prevalence in the United States.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Evaluations of Sex Differences in Dosimetry in Rats Following Perfluorohexanesulfonamide (PFHxSA) Oral Exposure.Toxics · 2025Article
- From carboxylates to chlorinated sulfonates: Contrasting fate and treatment prospects of GenX and F53B in WWTPs.The Science of the total environment · 2025Review
- Non-target screening reveals 124 PFAS at an AFFF-impacted field site in Germany specified by novel systematic terminology.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Identifying the known and unknown health hazard information for chemical disasters: a phased scoping review of the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Practical Guidance on Selecting Analytical Methods for PFAS in Semiconductor Manufacturing Wastewater.ACS measurement science au · 2025Review
- The quest for the perfect "total PFAS" method: how can the total oxidisable precursor (TOP) assay be made reliable?Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- Perfluoroalkane Sulfonamides and Derivatives, a Different Class of PFAS: Sorption and Microbial Biotransformation Insights.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- Extractable Organofluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam-Impacted Soils: Sample Pretreatment and a Combination of Target Analysis and Suspect Screening.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Perfluorinated carbon chain length drives uptake of diverse Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in field-deployed passive samplers.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Assessing Bivalves as Biomonitors of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Coastal Environments.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Complete aqueous defluorination of PFAS in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) by pulsed electrolysis with tailored potential modulation.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Selective Quantification of Charged and Neutral Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Using the Total Oxidizable Precursor (TOP) Assay.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hundreds of public water systems across the United States have been contaminated by the use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during firefighting and training activities. Prior work shows AFFF contain hundreds of polyfluoroalkyl precursors missed by standard methods. However, the most abundant precursors in AFFF remain uncertain, and mixture contents are confidential business information, hindering proactive management of PFAS exposure risks. Here, we develop and apply a novel method (Bayesian inference) for reconstructing the fluorinated chain lengths, manufacturing origin, and concentrations of oxidizable precursors obtained from the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay that is generally applicable to all aqueous samples. Results show virtually all (median 104 ± 19%) extractable organofluorine (EOF) in contemporary and legacy AFFF consists of targeted compounds and oxidizable precursors, 90% of which are 6:2 fluorotelomers in contemporary products. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we further resolved the 6:2 fluorotelomers to assign the identity of 14 major compounds, yielding a priority list that accounts for almost all detectable PFAS in contemporary AFFF. This combination of methods can accurately assign the total PFAS mass attributable to AFFF in any aqueous sample with differentiation of gross precursor classes and identification of major precursor species.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.