ReviewJournal of immunology research2021
Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Combining PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors with chemotherapy is a good strategy for the treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis of clinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma for Predicting Anti-PD-1 Antibody Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Harnessing biomarkers to guide immunotherapy in esophageal cancer: toward precision oncology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Surface-Associated Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment by Potentiating TGF-β Signaling in a Contact-Dependent Manner.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy biomarkers: from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut Associated Metabolites Enhance PD-L1 Blockade Efficacy in Prostate Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Immunological landscape of colorectal cancer: tumor microenvironment, cellular players and immunotherapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Exosomes in early lung cancer diagnostics: the current state of progress made and prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Functional tumor-derived exosomes in NSCLC progression and clinical implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeted Delivery of BMS-1166 for Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Exosomes are the mediators between the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Shedding Light on the Role of Exosomal PD-L1 (ExoPD-L1) in Cancer Progression: an Update.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- Leveraging the intratumoral microbiota to treat human cancer: are engineered exosomes an effective strategy?Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Composition, functions, and applications of exosomal membrane proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles remodel tumor environment for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Exosome nanovesicles as potential biomarkers and immune checkpoint signaling modulators in lung cancer microenvironment: recent advances and emerging concepts.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- Signaling via a CD28/CD40 chimeric costimulatory antigen receptor (CoStAR™), targeting folate receptor alpha, enhances T cell activity and augments tumor reactivity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mutual connected IL-6, EGFR and LIN28/Let7-related mechanisms modulate PD-L1 and IGF upregulation in HNSCC using immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- ExoPD-L1: an assistant for tumor progression and potential diagnostic marker.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inhibiting the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical efficacy. Yet, low response rates limit the benefits of immunotherapy to a minority of patients. Recent studies have explored the importance of PD-L1 as a transmembrane protein in exosomes and have revealed exosomal PD-L1 as a mechanism of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 suppresses T cell effector function, induces systemic immunosuppression, and transfers functional PD-L1 across the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because of its significant contribution to immune escape, exosomal PD-L1 has been proposed as a biomarker to predict immunotherapy response and to assess therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the immunological mechanisms of exosomal PD-L1, focusing on the factors that lead to exosome biogenesis and release. Next, we review the effect of exosomal PD-L1 on T cell function and its role across the TME. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the use of exosomal PD-L1 as a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. Throughout this review, we propose exosomal PD-L1 as a critical mediator of tumor progression and highlight the clinical implications that follow for immuno-oncology, discussing the potential to target exosomes to advance cancer treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.