ArticleBilingualism (Cambridge, England)2020
The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Ten years later.
Article in Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translation and Validation of the "Hearing Impairment Impact-Significant Other Profile (HII-SOP): A Tool to Measure Hearing Loss-Related Quality of Life in Spouses of People With Hearing Loss" Into Kannada.Journal of audiology & otology · 2026Article
- CLAP: A battery of measures to estimate language proficiency in native Chinese speakers.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Bilingualism and Aging: Their Impact on Speech Perception in Noise Using the AzBio Sentence Test.Journal of the American Academy of Audiology · 2026Article
- Rethinking language, cognition and assessment in psychosis: How bilingualism challenges psychiatry and how natural language processing can help.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Language nonselective lexical access in bilinguals: Input modality matters.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Baseline cognitive status and adherence are associated with cognitive change following language learning in older adults: an exploratory study.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Cognitive effects of untreated unilateral and bilateral hearing loss in midlife: Preliminary evidence.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- How do multiple meanings affect word learning and remapping?Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Foreign Language Syndrome: Neurological and Psychiatric Aspects.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Cross-Cultural Paediatric Neuropsychological Assessment: Key Considerations.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Cultural variables influence performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery among people at clinical high risk for psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Long COVID on Language Proficiency Across Different School Levels in Hong Kong.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Let them eat ceke: An electrophysiological study of form-based prediction in rich naturalistic contexts.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2025Article
- Trilingual families' language strategies: potential predictors and effect on trilingual exposure.International journal of multilingualism · 2025Article
- Intersections between heritage, multilingualism, and education: language acquisition in India.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Music training and language learning improve verbal memory performance but do not change white matter characteristics of the splenium: a longitudinal DTI study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Self-evaluations and the language of the beholder: objective performance and language solidarity predict L2 and L1 self-evaluations in bilingual adults.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2024Article
- Predicting naming scores from language history: A little immersion goes a long way, and self-rated proficiency matters more than percent use.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) is a validated questionnaire tool for collecting self-reported proficiency and experience data from bilingual and multilingual speakers ages 14 to 80. It is available in over 20 languages, and can be administered in a digital, paper-and-pencil, and oral interview format. The LEAP-Q is used by researchers across various disciplines (Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Education, Communication Sciences & Disorders, etc.) to provide a comprehensive description of their bilingual participants, to substantiate a division of bilinguals into groups (e.g., early vs. late bilinguals), and to screen participants for adequate or threshold levels of language proficiency. Best practices for using the LEAP-Q include administration of the full questionnaire, consideration of acquisition and history of language use together with self-ratings of proficiency, and supplementation of self-reported data with objective language measures whenever possible. The LEAP-Q can be downloaded at no cost at https://bilingualism.northwestern.edu/leapq/.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.