ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Small Airways Disease, Biomarkers and COPD: Where are We?
Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Morphological Analysis of the Flow-Volume Curve for Identifying Fixed Airflow Obstruction: A Scoping Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Early Functional Impairment in Smokers with CT-Detected Emphysema: Spirometry Provides Complementary Physiological Information in Lung Cancer Screening.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Highlights from the Italian National Congress of Imaging in Pulmonology 2025: fostering implementation of advanced technologies for precision patient-centered care.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Advances, and Therapeutic Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- A Combined Bioinformatics and Clinical Validation Study IdentifiesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Hyperconcentrated mucus in small airways: a mechanistic model for the pathogenesis of paediatric bronchiectasis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Interrelationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Small Airway Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Analysis of exhaled nitric oxide and its influencing factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis-Associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- COPD Risk Phenotypes in Older Smokers: Evaluation in GLI- and GOLD-Defined Respiratory Impairment.Lung · 2024Article
- Symptoms of COPD in the absence of airflow obstruction are more indicative of pre-COPD than overdiagnosis.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Uncovering the action mechanism of Shenqi Tiaoshen formula in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Article
- Capturing COPD heterogeneity: anomaly detection and parametric response mapping comparison for phenotyping on chest computed tomography.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Osteopontin in Respiratory Health and Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical Use of an Exposure, Symptom, and Spirometry Algorithm to Stratify Smokers into COPD Risk Phenotypes: A Case Finding Study Combined with Smoking Cessation Counseling.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Functional imaging in asthma and COPD: design of the NOVELTY ADPro substudy.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- CC16 as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Induced Sputum Reflects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Severity.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Cigarette smoke-induced gasdermin D activation in bronchoalveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells dependently on NLRP3.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Brief Research Report: Serum clara cell 16 kDa protein levels are increased in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 or sepsis infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Exposure to second-hand smoke is an independent risk factor of small airway dysfunction in non-smokers with chronic cough: A retrospective case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The response to treatment and progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) varies significantly. Small airways disease (SAD) is being increasingly recognized as a key pathological feature of COPD. Studies have brought forward pathological evidence of small airway damage preceding the development of emphysema and the detection of obstruction using traditional spirometry. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the early detection of SAD and this has brought along an increased demand for physiological tests able to identify and quantify SAD. Early detection of SAD allows early targeted therapy and this suggests the potential for altering the course of disease. The aim of this article is to review the evidence available on the physiological testing of small airways. The first half will focus on the role of lung function tests such as maximum mid-expiratory flow, impulse oscillometry and lung clearance index in detecting and quantifying SAD. The role of Computed Tomography (CT) as a radiological biomarker will be discussed as well as the potential of recent CT analysis software to differentiate normal aging of the lungs to pathology. The evidence behind SAD biomarkers sourced from blood as well as biomarkers sourced from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) will be reviewed. This paper focuses on CC-16, sRAGE, PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-12.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.