Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33627812›Full record

ArticleNature2021

Strong tough hydrogels via the synergy of freeze-casting and salting out.

Mutian Hua, Shuwang Wu, Yanfei Ma, Yusen Zhao, Zilin Chen, Imri Frenkel, Joseph Strzalka, Hua Zhou, Xinyuan Zhu, Ximin He

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 266 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
266citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

266 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. AI-powered the toughest biohydrogels.Bioactive materials · 2026
    Article
  3. 3D printable tough hydrogel actuators.Materials horizons · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Ion-Driving Polymer Entanglement for Dynamic Organic Phosphorescence.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mutian Hua *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-316X
Shuwang Wu *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yanfei MaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-4440
Yusen ZhaoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zilin ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Imri FrenkelDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Joseph StrzalkaX-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-8932
Hua ZhouX-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-8674
Xinyuan ZhuSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ximin HeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ximinhe@ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-4637

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural load-bearing materials such as tendons have a high water content of about 70 per cent but are still strong and tough, even when used for over one million cycles per year, owing to the hierarchical assembly of anisotropic structures across multiple length scales

Identifiers

PMID33627812

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.