ArticleScientific reports2021
Interaction between cognitive reserve and age moderates effect of lesion load on stroke outcome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on post-stroke computerized cognitive training: Unveiling the impact of confounding factors.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Reserves, Injury Severity, and Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI Observational Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Subtle language deficits in WAB-recovered patients at 12 months after left-hemisphere stroke.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Structural connectome changes as biomarkers of stroke recovery: a longitudinal 7T MRI study.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Susceptibility to multitasking in stroke is associated to multiple-demand system damage and leads to lateralized visuospatial deficits.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Functional Connectivity and MRI Radiomics Biomarkers of Cognitive and Brain Reserve in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment Prediction-A Study Protocol.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Is cognitive reserve associated with cognitive function across stroke severity? A longitudinal study among Chinese stroke patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The impact of frailty on cognitive outcomes in elderly patients with post-stroke subjective cognitive complaints.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The challenge of long-term stroke outcome prediction and how statistical correlates do not imply predictive value.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Analytical cohort study on cognitive reserve as a predictor of post-stroke dementia severity.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- PEMOCS: effects of a concept-guided, PErsonalized, MOtor-Cognitive exergame training on cognitive functions and gait in chronic Stroke-a randomized, controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Adaptation of the Concept of Brain Reserve for the Prediction of Stroke Outcome: Proxies, Neural Mechanisms, and Significance for Research.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The relationship between social and psychological factors with cognitive impairment after stroke: a prospective study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Educational attainment, severity and short-term prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
- Dopaminergic mesolimbic structural reserve is positively linked to better outcome after severe stroke.Brain communications · 2024Article
- A fronto-insular-parietal network for the sense of body ownership.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Article
- The impact of apraxia and neglect on early rehabilitation outcome after stroke.Neurological research and practice · 2022Article
- Association of cognitive reserve with stroke outcome: a protocol for a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The concepts of brain reserve and cognitive reserve were recently suggested as valuable predictors of stroke outcome. To test this hypothesis, we used age, years of education and lesion size as clinically feasible coarse proxies of brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and the extent of stroke pathology correspondingly. Linear and logistic regression models were used to predict cognitive outcome (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and stroke-induced impairment and disability (NIH Stroke Scale; modified Rankin Score) in a sample of 104 chronic stroke patients carefully controlled for potential confounds. Results revealed 46% of explained variance for cognitive outcome (p < 0.001) and yielded a significant three-way interaction: Larger lesions did not lead to cognitive impairment in younger patients with higher education, but did so in younger patients with lower education. Conversely, even small lesions led to poor cognitive outcome in older patients with lower education, but didn't in older patients with higher education. We observed comparable three-way interactions for clinical scores of stroke-induced impairment and disability both in the acute and chronic stroke phase. In line with the hypothesis, years of education conjointly with age moderated effects of lesion on stroke outcome. This non-additive effect of cognitive reserve suggests its post-stroke protective impact on stroke outcome.
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