ArticleScientific reports2021
The rubber hand illusion is a fallible method to study ownership of prosthetic limbs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural correlates of phantom motor execution: A functional neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Prosthetic embodiment: systematic review on definitions, measures, and experimental paradigms.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- From rubber hands to neuroprosthetics: Neural correlates of embodiment.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- The rubber hand illusion evaluated using different stimulation modalities.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- A multi-dimensional framework for prosthetic embodiment: a perspective for translational research.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Review
- Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2021Article
- Cognitive Models of Limb Embodiment in Structurally Varying Bodies: A Theoretical Perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enabling sensory feedback in limb prostheses can reverse a damaged body image caused by amputation. The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular paradigm to study ownership of artificial limbs and potentially useful to assess sensory feedback strategies. We investigated the RHI as means to induce ownership of a prosthetic hand by providing congruent visual and tactile stimuli. We elicited tactile sensations via electric stimulation of severed afferent nerve fibres in four participants with transhumeral amputation. Contrary to our expectations, they failed to experience the RHI. The sensations we elicited via nerve stimulation resemble tapping as opposed to stroking, as in the original RHI. We therefore investigated the effect of tapping versus stroking in 30 able-bodied subjects. We found that either tactile modality equally induced ownership in two-thirds of the subjects. Failure to induce the RHI in the intact hand of our participants with amputation later confirmed that they form part of the RHI-immune population. Conversely, these participants use neuromusculoskeletal prostheses with neural sensory feedback in their daily lives and reported said prostheses as part of their body. Our findings suggest that people immune to the RHI can nevertheless experience ownership over prosthetic limbs when used in daily life and accentuates a significant limitation of the RHI paradigm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.