Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33627654›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Accurate imputation of human leukocyte antigens with CookHLA.

Seungho Cook, Wanson Choi, Hyunjoon Lim, Yang Luo, Kunhee Kim, Xiaoming Jia, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Buhm Han

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Article
  5. Novel immune-related susceptibility loci associated with pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome identified by a transethnic genome-wide association study.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
    Article
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  7. Anti-HLA antibodies in lung transplantation: diagnostic pitfalls and future directions.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Seungho Cook *Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-7840
Wanson Choi *Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Hyunjoon Lim *Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-1825
Yang LuoCenter for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-6166
Kunhee KimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Xiaoming JiaDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Soumya RaychaudhuriCenter for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-8265
Buhm HanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. buhm.han@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5164

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The recent development of imputation methods enabled the prediction of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles from intergenic SNP data, allowing studies to fine-map HLA for immune phenotypes. Here we report an accurate HLA imputation method, CookHLA, which has superior imputation accuracy compared to previous methods. CookHLA differs from other approaches in that it locally embeds prediction markers into highly polymorphic exons to account for exonic variability, and in that it adaptively learns the genetic map within MHC from the data to facilitate imputation. Our benchmarking with real datasets shows that our method achieves high imputation accuracy in a wide range of scenarios, including situations where the reference panel is small or ethnically unmatched.

Indexed as

AllelesAsian PeopleDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Genome, HumanGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHLA AntigensHumansModels, TheoreticalPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideHLA Antigens

Identifiers

PMID33627654
PMCPMC7904773

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.