ArticleDiabetes care2021
An Age-Related Exponential Decline in the Risk of Multiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of screening programmes for type 1 diabetes in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- UK best practice recommendations for children and young people <18 years with pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes, on behalf of the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED).Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Guideline
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Probiotic normalization of systemic inflammation in siblings of type 1 diabetes patients: an open-label pilot study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Long-Term Follow-Up Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Autoimmune Diseases in First-Degree Relatives.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Everyone or Just Some? Cost-Effectiveness of General Population Versus Targeted Screening Strategies for Type 1 Diabetes in Canada.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Screening for diabetes mellitus type 1 in the pediatric general population: an ethical analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Optimizing Type 1 Diabetes Screening in People With Family History: A German Perspective.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Are We Ready With Prevention for Type 1 Diabetes?Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Review
- Type 1 diabetes risk factors, risk prediction and presymptomatic detection: Evidence and guidance for screening.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Health economic considerations of screening for early type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Development and recalibration of a multivariable type 1 diabetes prediction model for type 1 diabetes across multiple screening studies.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Unfolding the Mystery of Autoimmunity: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- The efficacy of islet autoantibody screening with or without genetic pre-screening strategies for the identification of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Population Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Pediatrics via Well-Child Visits: Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Age-dependent gene expression trajectories during early childhood in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- EDENT1FI Master Protocol for screening of presymptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents.BMJ open · 2025Article
- [Early Detection Of Type 1 Diabetes By Islet Autoantibody Screening: A Position Paper Of The Fr1daplex Project Leaders And Training Centres, Bvkj Bavaria And Paednetz (Registered) Bavaria].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIslet autoimmunity develops before clinical type 1 diabetes and includes multiple and single autoantibody phenotypes. The objective was to determine age-related risks of islet autoantibodies that reflect etiology and improve screening for presymptomatic type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study prospectively monitored 8,556 genetically at-risk children at 3- to 6-month intervals from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes. The age-related change in the risk of developing islet autoantibodies was determined using landmark and regression models.
resultsThe 5-year risk of developing multiple islet autoantibodies was 4.3% (95% CI 3.8-4.7) at 7.5 months of age and declined to 1.1% (95% CI 0.8-1.3) at a landmark age of 6.25 years (
conclusionsThe risk of developing islet autoimmunity declines exponentially with age, and the influence of major genetic factors on this risk is limited to the first few years of life.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.