ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021
Procyanidin B2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Polyphenolic Diversity, Antioxidant Activity, and Anticancer Potential ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Targeting the Correa's cascade of gastric cancer: the potential role of phytochemicals and autophagy modulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Plant secondary metabolites exert therapeutic effects by modulating autophagy pathways.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic discovery of anticancer compounds in ethanolic extracts of Ficus hispida L. f.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Potential ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeting mTOR with curcumin: therapeutic implications for complex diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in gastrointestinal cancer: Focus on signaling pathways and improvement strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in gastric cancer: targeted regulation of autophagy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Extracts from Bioreactor-Grown Suspension Cell Cultures ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Hawthorn with "homology of medicine and food": a review of anticancer effects and mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses of beneficial plant phenol biochemical pathways in red alder.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins: An Updated Review of Their Natural Sources, Synthesis, and Potentials.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Procyanidin B2 Alleviates Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Procyanidins and Their Therapeutic Potential against Oral Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Procyanidin B2 inhibits angiogenesis and cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Anticancer applications of phytochemicals in gastric cancer: Effects and molecular mechanism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProcyanidin B2 (PB2), a unique component of the grape seed and other medicinal plants. PB2 has shown wide anticancer activity in various human cancer cells. However, it remains unclear about the biological effects and associated mechanisms of PB2 on gastric cancer cells.
methodsCell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay, and cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured in the culture medium. Cellular apoptosis was observed via TUNEL staining assay and measured by caspase-3 and -9 activities. Autophagy was observed by LC3 staining. Western blot analysis was performed to verify autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin1 and Atg5) and Akt-mTOR pathway.
resultsPB2 reduced the viability of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PB2 induced increased apoptosis rate of gastric cancer cells and enhanced caspase-3 and -9 activities. Simultaneously, PB2 triggered autophagy in gastric cancer cells, with enhanced LC3 staining and increased expression of Beclin1 and Atg5, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA reversed the PB2-induced suppression on cell viability. In addition, PB2 significantly decreased p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression of gastric cancer cells.
conclusionPB2 exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects and induces autophagy by modulating Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PB2 may be developed as a potential therapeutic drug for gastric cancer.
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