Observational studyBMC pulmonary medicine2021
Elevated glucose level leads to rapid COVID-19 progression and high fatality.
Observational study in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Diabetes Prevalence in COVID-19 Patients and Contribution to COVID-19- Related Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Diabetes care · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 multi-omics reveal organ-specific responses and biomarkers.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Metabolomics Data and Predicting Potential Biomarkers Based on Pathway Analysis.Tanaffos · 2025Review
- Article
- Non-human primate model of long-COVID identifies immune associates of hyperglycemia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections?Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Association of placental histopathological findings with COVID-19 and its predictive factors.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Mortality in the Delta Wave in India: A Hospital-Based Study From Ramanagara District, Karnataka.Cureus · 2023Article
- Predictive value of ferritin, glucose, urea, and creatinine for COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients from Asir, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2023Article
- The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in a hACE2 murine model.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- Nutritional deficiencies that may predispose to long COVID.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Differences in the severity and mortality risk factors for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia between the early wave and the very late stage of the pandemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Does the Hyperglycemia Impact on COVID-19 Outcomes Depend upon the Presence of Diabetes?-An Observational Study.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Innate metabolic responses against viral infections.Nature metabolism · 2022Review
- Prone position reduces the risk of patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 progressing to severe or even critical cases: a retrospective study.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Are Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Than in Pneumonia Patients with Bacterial Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Low- and middle-income countries demonstrate rapid growth of type 2 diabetes: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 1990-2019 data.Diabetologia · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to identify high-risk factors for disease progression and fatality for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
methodsWe enrolled 2433 COVID-19 patients and used LASSO regression and multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify the risk factors for disease progression and fatality.
resultsThe median time for progression from mild-to-moderate, moderate-to-severe, severe-to-critical, and critical-to-death were 3.0 (interquartile range: 1.8-5.5), 3.0 (1.0-7.0), 3.0 (1.0-8.0), and 6.5 (4.0-16.3) days, respectively. Among 1,758 mild or moderate patients at admission, 474 (27.0%) progressed to a severe or critical stage. Age above 60 years, elevated levels of blood glucose, respiratory rate, fever, chest tightness, c-reaction protein, lactate dehydrogenase, direct bilirubin, and low albumin and lymphocyte count were significant risk factors for progression. Of 675 severe or critical patients at admission, 41 (6.1%) died. Age above 74 years, elevated levels of blood glucose, fibrinogen and creatine kinase-MB, and low plateleta count were significant risk factors for fatality. Patients with elevated blood glucose level were 58% more likely to progress and 3.22 times more likely to die of COVID-19.
conclusionsOlder age, elevated glucose level, and clinical indicators related to systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ failures, predict both the disease progression and the fatality of COVID-19 patients.
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