ArticleBMC oral health2021
Prioritization of predisposing factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of amount of biofilm.
Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of led photobiomodulation on tooth movement, gingival hypertrophy and pain in response to treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- Predicting gingival embrasure risk after invisible orthodontics using multimodal data and machine learning.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Review
- Integrated Characterization by EDS and Roughness as a Diagnostic Tool for Dental Enamel Degradation: An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gingival Enlargement Induced by Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of dentistry · 2026Review
- Retrospective Assessment of Palatal Biofilm and Mucosal Inflammation Under Orthodontic Appliances in Young Adults (2022-2025): A Single-Center Cohort with Microbiologic Sub-Sampling.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Orthodontic Bracket Removal and Enamel Roughness: Comparing the Effects of Sapphire and Metallic Brackets in an In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying Key Factors in Papilla Growth Around Implants: Focus on Intraoral Negative Pressure.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Cross-omics analysis reveals microbe-metabolism interactions characteristic of gingival enlargement associated with fixed orthodontic in adolescents.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- An Enigmatic Soft-Tissue Creeping Phenomenon: The Spontaneous Peri-Implant Mucosa Margin and Papilla Growth, Part Two-A Scientifically Supported Hypothesis Article.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Periodontal changes induced by fixed orthodontic therapy.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2024Article
- Impact of Clear Aligners versus Fixed Appliances on Periodontal Status of Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the superficial marginal periodontium caused by orthodontic treatment with fixed metallic orthodontic appliances.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologieArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mechanism of gingival growth that may occur during fixed orthodontic treatment is not yet fully understood and the amount of dental plaque is often incriminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gingival growth during multi-attachment orthodontic treatment and to prioritize its predicting factors, especially the quantity of biofilm.
methodsThis comprehensive cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on orthodontic patients aged 9 to 30 years, in good health, treated by a fixed appliance. Periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, periodontal phenotype and gingival enhancement index were recorded. Likewise, the brushing habits and the date of the last scaling were noted. The orthodontic parameters studied were the duration of the treatment, the type of bracket, the alloys used for the arches and the type of ligatures. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and variables presenting p value < 0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) of gingival enlargement".
resultsA total of 193 patients were included (16.38 ± 4.89 years). Gingival growth occurred for 49.7% of patients included. The predisposing factors for this pathology during fixed orthodontic treatment were conventional metal brackets (p = 0.021), mouth breathing (p = 0.040), male gender (p = 0.035), thick periodontal phenotype (p = 0.043), elastomeric ligations (p = 0.007), duration of treatment (p = 0.022) and presence of plaque (p = 0.004). After achievement of the logistic regression, only two factors remained related to gingival enlargement: metallic brackets (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.1-10.55) and duration of treatment (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01-4.08). The amount of plaque would not be directly related to the development of gingival increase during orthodontic treatment.
conclusionsAmong the predisposing factors that underlie gingival growth during multi-attachment therapy, the amount of plaque is not found. The qualitative assessment of the plaque and its evolution during treatment could clarify the role of the biofilm in the occurrence of gingival overgrowth.
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